Gender differences in animal models of posttraumatic stress disorder
Gender differences in animal models of posttraumatic stress disorder
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DOI：
10.1155/2011/734372
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yehuda, Rachel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cohen, Hagit;Yehuda, Rachel
流行病学研究报告说，在遭受创伤后，妇女患急性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍等与应激有关的疾病的发病率高于男子。目前尚不清楚这种在妇女中的更高患病率是否反映了更容易受到与压力有关的精神病理学的影响。一些个人和创伤相关的特点已被假设为有助于这些性别差异的生理和心理反应的创伤，差异的评估，解释或经验的威胁，应对方式或社会支持。在这种情况下，使用PTSD的动物模型来分析这些性别相关的差异可能是特别有用的。PTSD的动物模型提供了区分生物学和社会文化因素的机会，这些因素经常进入关于PTSD患病率性别差异的讨论，在这篇综述中，我们提出并讨论了我们从几个不同的动物研究中收集到的与基础条件和应激反应相关的行为学、神经化学、神经生物学和药理学研究结果的性别差异。这些模型使用了不同的范例，并引发了一系列与性别有关的行为和生理表现。整体数据表明，雄性动物更容易受到急性和慢性压力的影响，而雌性动物则更有弹性。这些发现与当代人类受试者的流行病学数据之间的鲜明矛盾值得进一步研究。对这些与性别有关的差异的研究可以加深我们对压力相关疾病的风险或病理生理学的理解。
Epidemiological studies report higher prevalence rates of stress-related disorders such as acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women than in men following exposure to trauma. It is still not clear whether this greater prevalence in woman reflects a greater vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology. A number of individual and trauma-related characteristics have been hypothesized to contribute to these gender differences in physiological and psychological responses to trauma, differences in appraisal, interpretation or experience of threat, coping style or social support. In this context, the use of an animal model for PTSD to analyze some of these gender-related differences may be of particular utility. Animal models of PTSD offer the opportunity to distinguish between biological and socio-cultural factors, which so often enter the discussion about gender differences in PTSD prevalence.In this review, we present and discuss sex-differences in behavioral, neurochemical, neurobiological and pharmacological findings that we have collected from several different animal studies related to both basal conditions and stress responses. These models have used different paradigms and have elicited a range of behavioral and physiological manifestations associated with gender. The overall data presented demonstrate that male animals are significantly more vulnerable to acute and chronic stress, whereas females are far more resilient. The stark contradiction between these findings and contemporary epidemiological data regarding human subjects is worthy of further study. The examination of these gender-related differences can deepen our understanding of the risk or the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.