Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia
Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia
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Y染色体单倍群C的全球分布揭示了非洲出逃和东亚早期定居的史前迁徙路线
DOI：
10.1038/jhg.2010.40
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Su, Bing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhong, Hua;Shi, Hong;Su, Bing
一个古老的Y染色体单倍群C-M130（HgC）在亚洲的区域分布为研究史前移民事件提供了一个理想的工具。我们确定了465汞C个人的4284名男性从140个东亚和东南亚的人口。我们使用12个Y染色体双等位基因标记和8个常用的Y-短串联重复序列（Y-STR）对这些Hg C个体进行基因分型，并结合已发表的数据进行地理分布分析。结果表明，尽管HgC个体广泛分布于欧亚大陆，但大多数HgC亚单倍群具有明显的地理分布特征，并经历了较长时间的隔离。此外，一般的南到北和东到西的Y-STR多样性的渐变观察到的最高多样性在东南亚。Hg C的非对称地理分布模式支持了一条通过印度次大陆的沿海“出非洲”路线，这条路线最终导致了现代人类在东南亚大陆的早期定居。Hg C在东亚的北向扩张始于沿着40000年（KYA）前，沿中国大陆海岸线，并于15000年前到达西伯利亚，最后到达美洲。
The regional distribution of an ancient Y-chromosome haplogroup C-M130 (Hg C) in Asia provides an ideal tool of dissecting prehistoric migration events. We identified 465 Hg C individuals out of 4284 males from 140 East and Southeast Asian populations. We genotyped these Hg C individuals using 12 Y-chromosome biallelic markers and 8 commonly used Y-short tandem repeats (Y-STRs), and performed phylogeographic analysis in combination with the published data. The results show that most of the Hg C subhaplogroups have distinct geographical distribution and have undergone long-time isolation, although Hg C individuals are distributed widely across Eurasia. Furthermore, a general south-to-north and east-to-west cline of Y-STR diversity is observed with the highest diversity in Southeast Asia. The phylogeographic distribution pattern of Hg C supports a single coastal ‘Out-of-Africa’route by way of the Indian subcontinent, which eventually led to the early settlement of modern humans in mainland Southeast Asia. The northward expansion of Hg C in East Asia started∼ 40 thousand of years ago (KYA) along the coastline of mainland China and reached Siberia∼ 15 KYA and finally made its way to the Americas.