Imaging of Malignant Minor Salivary Gland Tumors of the Head and Neck
Imaging of Malignant Minor Salivary Gland Tumors of the Head and Neck
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DOI：
10.1148/rg.2021200062
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Kobayashi, Tatsushi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hiyama, Takashi;Kuno, Hirofumi;Kobayashi, Tatsushi
小唾液腺癌（MSGC）是头颈部的非小肿瘤，约占所有唾液腺癌的一半。基于头颈部小唾液腺和粘液腺的解剖结构以及每个部位的侵袭模式的影像学评估有助于确定最佳治疗方式并规划合适的治疗策略。根据此类分类的临床用途，MSGC 可在放射学上分为局限性亚型和侵袭性亚型。侵袭型的特征性侵袭模式包括深部粘膜下延伸、骨髓浸润和神经周围扩散，这些在临床上很难评估。由于 MSGC 位于粘膜下层，因此很容易侵入邻近结构，并可能沿着肌肉、神经、骨膜和硬脑膜扩散。而且，肿瘤可能会扩散到骨髓，而没有明显的骨质破坏。除了影像学分类外，检查小唾液腺（包括腭腺、舌腺、颊腺、唇腺和磨牙腺）以及其他粘液腺（包括鼻窦和鼻咽腺、泪腺、耵聍腺、喉腺和气管腺）的解剖和分布，有助于MSGC的诊断和肿瘤扩展评估。作者回顾了头颈部小唾液腺和粘液腺的精确解剖，讨论了 MSGC 的影像学分类，并描述了如何根据影像学分类和侵袭模式评估每个部位 MSGC 的范围。 (C) 北美放射学会，2020。
Minor salivary gland carcinomas (MSGCs) are nonminor tumors in the head and neck region and account for about half of all salivary gland carcinomas. Imaging evaluation based on the anatomy of minor salivary and mucous glands in the head and neck region as well as invasion patterns in each site helps in identifying optimal treatment modalities and planning suitable treatment strategies. MSGCs can be divided radiologically into localized and invasive subtypes on the basis of the clinical utility of such categorization. Characteristic invasion patterns of the invasive type include deep submucosal extension, bone marrow infiltration, and perineural spread, which are difficult to assess clinically. MSGCs easily invade adjacent structures because of their submucosal location and may spread along the muscles, nerves, periosteum, and dura mater. Moreover, the tumor may spread into the bone marrow without obvious bone destruction. In addition to imaging classification, examining the anatomy and distribution of the minor salivary glands, including the palatal, lingual, buccal, labial, and retromolar glands, as well as other mucous glands, including the glands of the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx, lacrimal glands, ceruminous glands, laryngeal glands, and tracheal glands, facilitates MSGC diagnosis and tumor extension assessment. The authors review the precise anatomy of the minor salivary and mucous glands in the head and neck region, discuss the MSGC imaging classifications, and describe how to evaluate the extent of MSGCs in each site on the basis of the imaging classification and invasion patterns. (C) RSNA, 2020.