Anatomical Verification of Thai Local Classifications of Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Floral Development and Vegetative Conversion of the Buds
Anatomical Verification of Thai Local Classifications of Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Floral Development and Vegetative Conversion of the Buds
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泰国本地分类榴莲 (Durio zibethinus Murr.) 花发育和芽的营养转化的解剖学验证
DOI：
10.11248/jsta.55.162
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Higuchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Kozai;H. Higuchi
泰国是榴莲的主要生产国，虽然已经开发了一些促进花分化的技术，但仍然难以控制榴莲的开花时间。开花的开始在两个月的时间里变化很大，这对榴莲种植者来说很麻烦。即使花蕾出现，它们随后的生长也往往被终止。种植者强烈希望确保开花，但花器官的详细发育并不完全清楚，当地种植者通常对花形态的外部变化只有模糊的认识。榴莲花蕾的发育由当地种植者根据外观的变化进行分类，泰国东部的种植者使用了一个共同的术语。该分类系统包括八个发展阶段。khaai plaa（鱼卵）阶段的特征是一簇浅绿色的鱼卵状小芽。在yethin nuu（老鼠腿）阶段，簇中的幼花梗开始伸长，看起来像老鼠腿。花梗在taa puu（蟹眼）阶段进一步伸长，其特征是看起来像蟹眼的花蕾。在渐长阶段，贴生芽开始分离，看起来像纽扣。芽看起来像野生茄子在makua phuwang（野生茄子）阶段的豌豆。花梗进一步伸长，芽开始类似于花甘莱（手镯头）阶段的浅灰色浅绿色手镯。最后，在dook khaao（白色花）阶段，花器官迅速发育，花瓣在dook baan（开花）阶段之前开始出现（Tonghom，2003）。当地认为鱼卵阶段是花分化的初始阶段。然而，在这个阶段，榴莲仍然能够恢复休眠或转化为植物状态。这种不规则和令人困惑的过渡可能是由当地对复杂的花发育过程的误解造成的。鱼卵期花蕾的解剖学研究有助于揭示这些逆转和转换的机制。
Thailand is a major producer of durian, and although some techniques to promote floral differentiation have been developed, it remains difficult to control durian flowering time. The onset of flowering is quite variable over a two-month period, which is troublesome for durian growers. Even if floral buds emerge, their subsequent growth is often terminated. Assured flowering is strongly desired by growers, but the detailed development of the floral organs is not fully understood, and local growers generally have only a vague understanding of external changes in floral morphology. The development of the durian flower bud is classified by local growers according to changes in external appearance, and there is a shared terminology used by growers in east Thailand. The classification system includes eight developmental stages. The khaai plaa (fish egg) stage is characterized by a light greenish-brown cluster of fish-egg-like small buds. In the yethin nuu (mouse leg) stage, young peduncles in the cluster begin to elongate and look like mouse legs. The peduncle elongates further in the taa puu (crab eye) stage, which features flower buds that look like crab eyes. In the gradum (button) stage, adnate buds start to separate and look like buttons. The buds look like the peas of wild eggplant in the makua phuwang (wild eggplant) stage. The peduncles elongate further and buds begin to resemble grayish light-green bracelets in the hua gamlai (bracelet head) stage. Finally, in the dook khaao (white flower) stage, floral organs develop rapidly and petals start to emerge just before dook baan (flowering) stage (Tonghom, 2003).The fish-egg stage is locally believed to be an initial stage of floral differentiation. However, at this stage, the durian is still able to revert to dormancy or convert to a vegetative state. Such irregular and puzzling transitions might be caused by local misinterpretations of the complex floral development process. Anatomical examination of flower buds in the fish-egg stage should help to reveal the mechanisms of these reversions and conversions.