THE ISOMETRIC LENGTH FORCE MODELS OF 9 DIFFERENT SKELETAL-MUSCLES
THE ISOMETRIC LENGTH FORCE MODELS OF 9 DIFFERENT SKELETAL-MUSCLES
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DOI：
10.1016/0021-9290(92)90230-x
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发表时间：
1992-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
DAMBROSIA, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GAREIS, H;SOLOMONOW, M;DAMBROSIA, R
以电刺激坐骨神经为激活方式，对猫后肢9块不同骨骼肌的长度-力关系进行了实验测定。结果表明，主动，被动和总的力量模式之间的肌肉变化很大。胫骨后肌（TP）、腓肠肌内侧和外侧（MG、LG）和趾长屈肌（FDL）具有对称的主动力曲线，而胫骨前肌（TA）、腓骨短肌（PB）、腓骨长肌（PL）、趾长伸肌（EDL）和比目鱼肌（SOL）具有不对称的曲线，其在极端长度下表现出约25%的最大等长肌力。SOL，EDL和LG有一个低水平的被动力，出现在短的肌肉长度，而所有其他肌肉表现出初始被动力之前的最佳长度。SOL的总力呈准线性上升，而其他肌肉在最佳长度附近表现出中间平台。当肌肉被拉长超过最佳长度时，LG和FDL的总力有一个实质性的但暂时的中间下降。各种肌肉的伸长范围也各不相同，范围为最佳长度的+/-15%至+/-30%。FDL、LG、MG、TP、SOL和EDL的伸长率范围是对称的，而PL、PB和TA的伸长率范围是不对称的，分别为-12至+17%、-12至+17%和-35至+12%。两种不同的模型，其中包括肌肉结构，成功地拟合的肌肉的实验数据，除了MG和TA。这两种肌肉的结构是高度不均匀的，并且包含具有两种羽状图案或两种不同的最佳长度的隔间。为这两块肌肉构建了新的模型，该模型在空间和时间上添加了肌肉每个隔室的个体特征。新的模型表现出较高的相关性，从MG和TA获得的实验数据。得出的结论是，长度-力的关系在各种骨骼肌之间变化很大，可能取决于肌肉的主要功能，在综合运动的背景下，这是一个建筑因素，如纤维pennation模式和角度，横截面积，肌肉肌腱长度的比例，肌肉和房室pennation内的纤维长度的分布的表现。
The length-force relations of nine different skeletal muscles in the hindlimb of the cat were determined experimentally, with electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve as the activation mode. It was shown that the active-, passive-, and total-force patterns varied widely among the muscles. The tibialis posterior (TP) medial and lateral gastrocnemius (MG, LG) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) had a symmetric active-force curve, whereas the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus brevis (PB), peroneus longus (PL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus (SOL) had an asymmetric curve which exhibits about 25% of the maximal isometric force at extreme lengths. The SOL, EDL, and LG had a low-level passive force which appeared at short muscle length, whereas all other muscles exhibited initial passive force just before the optimal length. The total force was rising quasi-linearly for the SOL, whereas the other muscles exhibited an intermediate plateau about the optimal length. The LG and FDL had a substantial but temporary intermediate dip in the total force as the muscle was elongated past the optimal length. The elongation range of the various muscles also varied, ranging from +/- 15 to +/- 30% of the optimal length. The elongation range was symmetric for the FDL, LG, MG, TP, SOL, and EDL, and asymmetric for thc PL, PB, and TA, being - 12 to + 17%, - 12 to + 17%, and - 35 to + 12%, respectively. Two different models which incorporate muscle architecture were successfully fitted to the experimental data of the muscles except for the MG and TA. The architecture of these two muscles is highly nonhomogeneous and contains compartments with two pennation patterns or two different optimal lengths. New models, which add spatially and temporally the individual characteristics of each compartment of the muscles, were constructed for these two muscles. The new models demonstrated high correlation to the experimental data obtained from the MG and TA. It was concluded that the length-force relation varies widely among various skeletal muscles and is probably dependent on the primary function of the muscle in the context of integrated movement; this is a manifestation of architectural factors such as fiber pennation pattern and angle, cross-sectional area, ratio of muscle to tendon length, distribution of the fiber length within the muscle and compartmental pennation.