Sex role concepts of two- and three-year-olds.
Sex role concepts of two- and three-year-olds.
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两岁和三岁孩子的性别角色概念。
DOI：
10.2307/1128709
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Laura Brucken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Kuhn;S. Nash;Laura Brucken
开发了一种工具来评估非常年幼的儿童对男性和女性的信念。72名2岁和3岁的受试者使用该工具表明，年仅2岁的儿童对成人文化中普遍存在的性别角色陈规定型观念有大量的了解。性别角色刻板印象的知识是高度相关的（.85）与性别认同的理解是一个不可逆转的特征。然而，那些表明对异性有实际或理想认同的受试者，表现出的刻板印象程度并不比偶然性大。虽然受试者的年龄或性别在陈规定型观念的数量上没有差异，但对受试者陈规定型观念内容的分析表明，男孩和女孩的信念只是部分重叠。特别是，女孩倾向于将正面特征归因于自己的性别，将负面特征归因于男性，而男孩则相反。有人建议从自我评价过程的角度对这些调查结果作出解释。
An instrument was developed to assess beliefs about males and females in very young children. Use of the instrument with 72 2- and 3-year-old subjects indicated that children as young as 2 years of age possess substantial knowledge of sex role stereotypes prevailing in the adult culture. Knowledge of sex role stereotypes was highly correlated (.85) with comprehension of gender identity as an irreversible characteristic. Subjects who indicated actual or ideal identity with the opposite sex, however, showed a level of stereotyping no greater than chance. While there were no differences in amount of stereotyping as a function of subjects' age or sex, an analysis of the content of subjects' stereotypes revealed that boys' and girls' beliefs were only partially overlapping. In particular, girls tended to ascribe positive characteristics to their own sex and negative characteristics to males, while boys did the reverse. Explanations for these findings in terms of self-valuation processes were suggested.