Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion
Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion
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DOI：
10.1089/neu.2014.3715
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Shenton, Martha E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koerte, Inga K.;Lin, Alexander P.;Shenton, Martha E.
全世界有超过2.5亿人踢足球。反复顶球可能会使足球运动员处于反复脑震荡头部撞击（RSHI）的高风险中。这项研究评估了RSHI对没有临床诊断脑震荡史但高暴露于RSHI的运动员神经化学的长期影响。11名前职业足球运动员（平均年龄52.0 ± 6.8岁）和14名年龄和性别匹配的前非接触性运动员（平均年龄46.9 ± 7.9岁）进行了3T磁共振波谱（MRS）和神经认知评估。在足球运动员中，与对照运动员相比，观察到胆碱（Cho）（膜标记物）和肌醇（ml）（神经胶质激活的标记物）的显着增加。此外，ml和谷胱甘肽（GSH）与足球组内RSHI的寿命估计值显著相关。两组之间的神经认知测试没有显著差异。这项研究的结果表明，足球运动员的RSHI与神经炎症的MRS标记物之间存在关联，这表明即使是脑震荡头部撞击也会影响大脑的神经化学，并且可能先于神经认知变化。未来的研究将需要确定神经炎症在RSHI中的作用以及对神经认知功能的影响。
Soccer is played by more than 250 million people worldwide. Repeatedly heading the ball may place soccer players at high risk for repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI). This study evaluates the long-term effects of RSHI on neurochemistry in athletes without a history of clinically diagnosed concussion, but with a high exposure to RSHI. Eleven former professional soccer players (mean age 52.0 +/- 6.8 years) and a comparison cohort of 14 age- and gender-matched, former non-contact sport athletes (mean age 46.9 +/- 7.9 years) underwent 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and neurocognitive evaluation. In the soccer players a significant increase was observed in both choline (Cho), a membrane marker, and myo-inositol (ml), a marker of glial activation, compared with control athletes. Additionally, ml and glutathione (GSH) were significantly correlated with lifetime estimate of RSHI within the soccer group. There was no significant difference in neurocognitive tests between groups. Results of this study suggest an association between RSHI in soccer players and MRS markers of neuroinflammation, suggesting that even subconcussive head impacts affect the neurochemistry of the brain and may precede neurocognitive changes. Future studies will need to determine the role of neuroinflammation in RSHI and the effect on neurocognitive function.