Molecular Characterization of Distinct Fungal Communities in the Soil of a Rare Earth Mining Area
Molecular Characterization of Distinct Fungal Communities in the Soil of a Rare Earth Mining Area
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稀土矿区土壤中不同真菌群落的分子特征
DOI：
10.1007/s00248-021-01931-4
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发表时间：
2021-11-27
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Wu, Weixiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Jingjing;Li, Chun;Wu, Weixiang
离子型稀土元素的开发利用造成了严重的生态破坏和环境污染。真菌是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分，但采矿活动对土壤真菌结构和多样性的影响往往被忽视。本研究采用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）和高通量Illumina MiSeq测序技术对稀土矿区土壤中真菌群落组成和结构进行了研究。采用统计分析、网络、FUNGuild等方法进行深入分析。子囊菌门、担子菌门和球囊菌门是矿区土壤中最丰富的门。淋溶后土壤真菌群落结构基本稳定，但土壤营养元素（有机质、总氮和总氮）含量对土壤真菌丰度和多样性有显著的正向影响。子囊菌门和担子菌门的腐殖菌是土壤中的优势真菌营养模式，它们在土壤养分循环、转化过程和降低稀土毒性等方面发挥着重要作用。原位淋洗后，球囊霉门共生菌对土壤团聚体的形成起到了促进作用，减缓了土壤养分的流失。此外，真菌还可以调节物种间的相互作用，以抵抗地浸带来的稀土毒害或铵离子的恶劣环境。
The exploitation of ion-absorbed rare earth elements (REEs) has caused serious ecological destruction and environmental pollution. Effects on soil fungal structure and diversity exerted by mining activities are usually ignored, although fungus is one of the most important components in soil ecosystems. In the present research, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing were conducted to characterize fungal community composition and structure in soil of a rare earth mining area after in situ leaching. Statistical analyses, network, and FUNGuild were used to conduct in-depth analyses. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota were the most abundant phyla in the mining soils. Fungal community structures were stable after leaching practice, but nutrition contents (organic matter, TC, and TN) significantly and positively contributed to fungal abundances and diversities. Saprotrophs in phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal trophic mode, and they played critical roles in nutrient cycling, transformation processes, and reducing REE toxicity. Symbiotrophs of phyla Glomeromycota contributed to soil aggregation and slowing down nutrient losses after in situ leaching practice. In addition, fungi could regulate the interactions between species to resist the harsh environment of REE toxicity or ammonium caused by in situ leaching practice.