CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS DURING + AFTER 3 MONTHS IN SOLITUDE UNDERGROUND
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS DURING + AFTER 3 MONTHS IN SOLITUDE UNDERGROUND
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007483
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
MILLS, JN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MILLS, JN
方法Workman于1963年6月16日进入Pateley桥附近的Stump Cross岩洞，并在那里一直呆到9月29日。他的目的是遵循正常的作息、饮食、活动等习惯。他用一块显示英国夏令时（BST）的手表，还有一部野外电话，每天在地面上与洞穴主人通话一次；除此之外，他与人类没有任何接触。准备饭菜和其他独自生活所必需的杂事占据了他相当大的一部分时间，他还积极地参与了对洞穴系统的进一步探索和清理堵塞的通道。他并没有特别努力去坚持统一的饮食，但由于他所有的食物都被带走了，他的饮食有些单调；根据24小时电解质排泄评估，它提供钾22-54 m当量，平均37，氯化物80-250 m当量，平均158；钠和氯化物类似。钾摄入量低导致尿中钠钾比异常高。温度是恒定的，700度，大气中水蒸气几乎饱和。照明主要靠蜡烛，或在探险时用矿工的额头灯，但他也会在短时间内使用蒂利灯。每周一次，当他在地下时，在两个睡眠阶段和中间的“白天”中产生的所有尿液都被收集起来，通过在受试者方便的时候自发排尿。当睡眠因需要排尿而中断时，两种样本被分别收集和分析。在这些收集尿液的日子里，他通常（但并非总是）无所事事。将尿量读到最接近的10毫升，偶尔读到5毫升，时间读到最接近的5分钟，每个样本都保留一部分；这些部分被留在一个预先安排好的地方，以便收集和发送到曼彻斯特，在那里它们被分析氯（Sanderson, 1952），钠和钾（火焰光光计），磷酸盐（Fiske & Subbarow, 1925）和肌酐（Bonsnes & Taussky, 1945）。当收到的样品相当新鲜时，用玻璃电极测量pH值，如果
METHODS Workman entered Stump Cross Cavern, near Pateley Bridge, on 16 June, 1963 and re mained there until 29 September. His intention was to follow normal habits of sleep and waking, meals, activity and so on. He used a watch reading British Summer Time (BST), and had a field telephone with which he spoke to the owner of the cave, at the surface, once a day; apart from this, he had no contact with human beings. The preparation of meals, and other necessary chores involved in living alone, occupied a fair proportion of his time, and he was also actively engaged in further exploration of the cave system and clearing a blocked passage. No special effort was made to adhere to a uniform diet, but since all his food was taken down with him, his diet was somewhat monotonous; as assessed from 24 hr electrolyte excretions, it supplied potassium, 22-54 m-equiv, mean 37, and chloride, 80-250 m-equiv, mean 158; sodium was similar to chloride. The low intake of potassium resulted in an unusually high Na: K ratio in the urine. The temperature was constant, 700, and the atmosphere nearly saturated with water vapour. Light was provided mainly by candles, or by a miner's forehead lamp when he was exploring, but he used a Tilley lamp for short periods. Once a week, while he was underground, all the urine produced during two sleep periods andthe intervening'day'was collected, by spontaneous voiding at times convenient to the subject. When sleep was broken by the need to pass urine, the two samples were collected and analysed separately. On these days of urine collection he was usually, but not always, physically idle. The urine volume was read to the nearest 10, or occasionally 5 ml., and the time to the nearest 5 min, and a portion of each sample was preserved; these portions were left at a pre-arranged place for collection and despatch to Manchester, where they were analysed for chloride (Sanderson, 1952), sodium and potassium (flame photo-meter), phosphate (Fiske & Subbarow, 1925) and creatinine (Bonsnes & Taussky, 1945). When samples were received reasonably fresh, pH was measured by a glass electrode, and if