Regulation of triglyceride metabolism. IV. Hormonal regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue
Regulation of triglyceride metabolism. IV. Hormonal regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.00554.2006
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Sul, Hei Sook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jaworski, Kathy;Sarkadi-Nagy, Eszter;Sul, Hei Sook
储存在脂肪组织中的三酰甘油 (TAG) 可以通过脂肪酶的水解作用快速动员，并释放脂肪酸 (FA)，在能量匮乏时供其他组织使用。 TAG的合成不仅发生在脂肪组织中，而且还发生在肝脏等其他组织中以形成极低密度脂蛋白，与此不同，TAG的水解（脂解作用）主要发生在脂肪组织中。直到最近，激素敏感性脂肪酶还被认为是负责调节 TAG 动员的关键限速酶。然而，最近对激素敏感脂肪酶缺失小鼠的研究对这一概念提出了挑战。最近发现一种名为 desnutrin/ATGL 的新型脂肪酶在脂肪细胞的脂肪分解中发挥关键作用。脂肪分解受到严格的激素调节。尽管胰岛素和儿茶酚胺对脂肪组织中脂肪分解的反向调节已被充分了解，但自分泌/旁分泌因素也可能参与其调节。这些内分泌和自分泌/旁分泌因子的复杂配合导致脂肪细胞中脂肪分解的精细调节，这是能量稳态所需的。在这篇综述中，我们总结并讨论了脂肪细胞脂解调节的最新进展。
Triacylglycerol (TAG) stored in adipose tissue can be rapidly mobilized by the hydrolytic action of lipases, with the release of fatty acids (FA) that are used by other tissues during times of energy deprivation. Unlike synthesis of TAG, which occurs not only in adipose tissue but also in other tissues such as liver for very-low-density lipoprotein formation, hydrolysis of TAG, lipolysis, predominantly occurs in adipose tissue. Until recently, hormone-sensitive lipase was considered to be the key ratelimiting enzyme responsible for regulating TAG mobilization. However, recent studies on hormone-sensitive lipase-null mice have challenged such a concept. A novel lipase named desnutrin/ATGL has been recently discovered to play a key role in lipolysis in adipocytes. Lipolysis is under tight hormonal regulation. Although opposing regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue by insulin and catecholamines is well understood, autocrine/paracrine factors may also participate in its regulation. Intricate cooperation of these endocrine and autocrine/paracrine factors leads to a fine regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, needed for energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress made in the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis.