From rhizoids to roots? Experimental evidence of mutualism between liverworts and ascomycete fungi.
From rhizoids to roots? Experimental evidence of mutualism between liverworts and ascomycete fungi.
复制标题
从假根到根？
DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcx126
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kowal J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kowal J
背景和目的叶苔类植物（小地钱目，地钱门）的假根上通常寄生有子囊菌--苔状盘孢菌（Pezolomaericae）.这些协会被假设为功能类似于杜鹃花菌根（ErMs）形成的P。在双向磷碳交换方面，杜鹃花科植物的根与杜鹃花科植物的根相似;然而，这仍然未经证实。在这里，我们测试之间的联系是否叶地钱Ceavalzia bicuspidata和P。方法测定了磷和碳在杜鹃花间的移动。bicuspidata和P.用[33 P]正磷酸盐和14 CO2同位素示踪法在单菌培养中研究Ericae。我们还测量了叶苔的生长，有和没有P。Ericae.Key ResultsWe present the first demonstration of nutritionally mutualistic symbiosis between a non-vascular plant and a ErM-forming fungi，showing transfer of fungi-acquired P to the liverwort and of liverwort-fixed C to the fungi along increased growth in fungus-colonized liverworts. Conclusions因此，这种子囊菌-地钱共生现在可以被描述为菌根样，提供了进一步的见解，杜鹃花菌根进化和增加子囊菌门真菌的菌根真菌集团从事互惠与植物在整个土地植物共生。ASP. ericae也定殖Schistochilaceae苔类的假根，其起源于三叠纪，并且是与真菌相关的所有其他jungermannialean苔类的姐妹，我们的研究结果指向子囊菌-苔类共生体的早期起源，可能比它们在Ericales中的进化早约1.5亿年。
Background and AimsThe rhizoids of leafy liverworts (Jungermanniales, Marchantiophyta) are commonly colonized by the ascomycete fungusPezoloma ericae. These associations are hypothesized to be functionally analogous to the ericoid mycorrhizas (ErMs) formed byP. ericaewith the roots of Ericaceae plants in terms of bi-directional phosphorus for carbon exchange; however, this remains unproven. Here, we test whether associations between the leafy liverwortCephalozia bicuspidataandP. ericaeare mutualistic.MethodsWe measured movement of phosphorus and carbon betweenC. bicuspidataandP. ericaeusing [33P]orthophosphate and14CO2isotope tracers in monoxenic cultures. We also measured leafy liverwort growth, with and withoutP. ericae.Key ResultsWe present the first demonstration of nutritionally mutualistic symbiosis between a non-vascular plant and an ErM-forming fungus, showing transfer of fungal-acquired P to the liverwort and of liverwort-fixed C to the fungus alongside increased growth in fungus-colonized liverworts.ConclusionsThus, this ascomycete–liverwort symbiosis can now be described as mycorrhiza-like, providing further insights into ericoid mycorrhizal evolution and adding Ascomycota fungi to mycorrhizal fungal groups engaging in mutualisms with plants across the land plant phylogeny. AsP. ericaealso colonizes the rhizoids of Schistochilaceae liverworts, which originated in the Triassic and are sister to all other jungermannialean liverworts associated with fungi, our findings point toward an early origin of ascomycete–liverwort symbioses, possibly pre-dating their evolution in the Ericales by some 150 million years.