Primary parental preoccupation: circuits, genes, and the crucial role of the environment
Primary parental preoccupation: circuits, genes, and the crucial role of the environment
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DOI：
10.1007/s00702-003-0067-x
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Mayes, LC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leckman, JF;Feldman, R;Mayes, LC
父母照顾包括一套高度保守的行为和精神状态，这些行为和精神状态可能既反映了个人的遗传天赋，也反映了儿童时期被照顾的早期经历。这篇综述首先考察了人类早期父母照顾的心理和行为因素。其次，我们考虑了关于哺乳动物母性行为的神经生物学底物的已知情况，包括一些有限的人类数据。第三，我们简要回顾了特定基因编码蛋白质的证据，这些蛋白质对构成母亲行为特定特征的神经底物的发展至关重要。第四，我们回顾了关于宫内环境和出生后照料环境在塑造随后的母亲行为中的“程序性”作用的新兴文献。我们的结论是，存在关键的发育窗口，在此期间，关键的边缘-下丘脑-中脑结构的基因决定的微电路容易受到早期环境影响，这些影响有力地塑造了个人对心理社会应激源的反应性，以及他们对晚年各种形式的人类精神病理的弹性或脆弱性。
Parental caregiving includes a set of highly conserved behaviors and mental states that may reflect both an individual's genetic endowment and the early experience of being cared for as a child. This review first examines the mental and behavioral elements of early parental caregiving in humans. Second, we consider what is known about the neurobiological substrates of maternal behaviors in mammalian species including some limited human data. Third, we briefly review the evidence that specific genes encode proteins that are crucial for the development of the neural substrates that underlie specific features of maternal behavior. Fourth, we review the emerging literature on the "programming" role of the intrauterine environment and postnatal caregiving environment in shaping subsequent maternal behavior. We conclude that there are critical developmental windows during which the genetically determined microcircuitry of key limbic-hypothalamic-midbrain structures are susceptible to early environmental influences and that these influences powerfully shape an individual's responsivity to psychosocial stressors and their resiliency or vulnerability to various forms of human psychopathology later in life.