Risk factors and predictors of human immunodeficiency virus infection among injection drug users
Risk factors and predictors of human immunodeficiency virus infection among injection drug users
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DOI：
10.1159/000085549
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Schütz, CG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Backmund, M;Meyer, K;Schütz, CG
背景/目的：注射吸毒者感染人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险很高。为了改善咨询和预防，必须更好地了解感染的风险因素和预测因素。这项回顾性研究的目的是确定艾滋病毒感染的风险因素，而不是共享的针头/ syringes.Methods：研究人群包括所有的患者在1991年和1996年之间的戒毒单位谁符合ICD-10阿片类药物依赖的标准，谁报告共享针头，谁同意有一个抗体测试。通过访谈评估可能的风险因素。基于双变量logistic回归构建交叉表，以估计相对优势。结果：在1,656例住院患者中，共有1,049例被纳入研究。HIV-1阳性率为4.8%。在老年患者和与具有物质依赖性的重要其他物质吸毒者生活在一起的患者中，在较长的吸毒时间后，以及在合并感染B型肝炎病毒和/或丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）后，患病率较高。使用多元逻辑回归分析，并包括所有个别显着的危险因素，我们发现只有合并感染HCV仍然显着。92%的HIV感染者同时感染HCV。在年龄小于23岁的组中，总共有53.5%的静脉吸毒者仍然是HIV，甲型肝炎和B病毒，和HCV.Conclusions血清阴性：尽管HCV合并感染的HIV感染患者（92%）的高比率，我们发现超过50%的静脉吸毒者年龄小于23岁，既不感染HCV，也不感染HIV。传染病的早期预防战略应特别侧重于年轻的注射吸毒者。
Background/Aim: Injection drug users (IDUs) have a high risk of acquiring an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To improve counseling and prevention, a better understanding of risk factors and predictors for an infection must be gained. This retrospective study has the aim to determine the risk factors for acquisition of HIV infection other than sharing of needles/ syringes.Methods: The study population consisted of all patients admitted to the detoxification unit between 1991 and 1996 who met ICD-10 criteria for opioid dependency, who reported to share needles, and who agreed to have an antibody test. Possible risk factors were assessed by interview. Cross tables based on bivariate logistic regression were constructed to estimate the relative odds. Multiple logistic regression modeling procedures were used to adjust possible confounding factors.Results: A total of 1,049 out of 1,656 patients admitted were included into the study. 4.8% of the patients were HIV-1 seropositive. The prevalence was higher among older patients and among patients living with a significant other substance drug user with substance dependency, after a longer duration of drug use, and after coinfection with hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Using multiple logistic regression analyses and including all individually significant risk factors, we found only coinfection with HCV to remain significant. 92% of the HIV-infected patients were also HCV infected. In the group younger than 23 years of age, a total of 53.5% of the IDUs were still seronegative for HIV, hepatitis A and B virus, and HCV.Conclusions: Despite the high rate of HCV coinfection ( 92%) in HIV-infected patients, we found more than 50% of IDUs younger than 23 years to be neither infected with HCV nor with HIV. Early prevention strategies against infectious diseases should especially focus on young IDUs.