Novel bionics developments in gastroenterology: fecobionics assessment of lower GI tract function
Novel bionics developments in gastroenterology: fecobionics assessment of lower GI tract function
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DOI：
10.1088/1361-6579/ac023c
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Huang, Z.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kassab, G. S.;Gregersen, H.;Huang, Z.
生物机电一体化（仿生学）是生物学和工程学（机械、电气和电子工程）之间的跨学科应用科学。生物机电一体化涵盖广泛的领域，最著名的可能是假肢、助视器、机器人和神经科学的开发。尽管胃肠道很难研究，但最近的发展证明它特别适合仿生学方法。可以在消化道中移动并记录生理变量的可摄入胶囊已在临床中使用。其他例子包括寻求恢复正常肛门直肠功能的骶神经刺激器。最近，我们开发了一种名为 fecobionics 的模拟粪便。它具有正常粪便的形状，记录结肠转运和排便过程中的压力、弯曲（肛门直肠角）和形状变化等多种参数，即集成了当前的多项测试。 Fecobionics 已用于研究大型动物和人类（正常受试者和患者群体，包括有排便阻塞和大便失禁症状的患者）的排便模式。最近，它被应用于犬结肠模型，显示出与源自卡哈尔间质细胞产生的慢波的浅波一致的模式。此外，还开发了诸如前后压力（前负荷-后负荷）图和排便指数量化等新颖的分析方法，可以实现机械洞察。本文回顾了fecobionics技术并概述了未来应用的前景。
Biomechatronics (bionics) is an applied science that is interdisciplinary between biology and engineering (mechanical, electrical and electronics engineering). Biomechatronics covers a wide area and is probably best known in development of prosthetic limbs, vision aids, robotics and neuroscience. Although the gastrointestinal tract is difficult to study, it is particularly suited for a bionics approach as demonstrated by recent developments. Ingestible capsules that travel the tract and record physiological variables have been used in the clinic. Other examples include sacral nerve stimulators that seek to restore normal anorectal function. Recently, we developed a simulated stool termed fecobionics. It has the shape of normal stool and records a variety of parameters including pressures, bending (anorectal angle) and shape changes during colonic transit and defecation, i.e. it integrates several current tests. Fecobionics has been used to study defecation patterns in large animals as well as in humans (normal subjects and patient groups including patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation and fecal incontinence). Recently, it was applied in a canine colon model where it revealed patterns consistent with shallow waves originating from slow waves generated by the interstitial cells of Cajal. Furthermore, novel analysis such as the rear-front pressure (preload-afterload) diagram and quantification of defecation indices have been developed that enable mechanistic insight. This paper reviews the fecobionics technology and outlines perspectives for future applications.