Soil mineralogy and texture effects on crust micromorphology, infiltration, and erosion
Soil mineralogy and texture effects on crust micromorphology, infiltration, and erosion
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj2002.8970
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发表时间：
2002-05
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
I. Wakindiki;M. Ben-Hur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Wakindiki;M. Ben-Hur
土壤矿物学和质地对团聚体稳定性有重大影响，因此可能影响降雨下的入渗率 (IR) 和土壤流失。目的是研究土壤矿物学和质地对地壳微形态、渗透和侵蚀的影响。对五种不同性质的土壤进行了 80 毫米的模拟降雨。这些土壤的团聚稳定性通过快速润湿法测定。快速润湿后颗粒的平均重量直径在粘土质高岭土中为2.8毫米，在粘土质和沙壤土蒙脱土中分别为0.25和0.31毫米，在粘土质非层状硅酸盐土壤中分别为0.84和0.87毫米。粘土质高岭土的最终IR 为20.5 mm h -1 ，其余土壤的最终IR ≤9.3 mm h -1 。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察表明，高岭土具有薄的地壳（～0.1 mm），含有大颗粒（～0.1 mm），而蒙脱石土具有较厚的地壳（>0.2 mm），包括小颗粒（～0.02 mm），其下方有非常发达的冲刷区或大颗粒（～0.2 mm） 之间有优质材料的。非层状硅酸盐土壤中的结皮层厚约 0.2 毫米，由约 0.01 毫米的细颗粒组成。高岭土的高团聚体稳定性和低分散性可最大限度地减少土壤分离，其低径流可最大限度地减少其输送能力，将土壤流失限制在 0.33 kg m -2 ，而蒙脱石土的低团聚体稳定性和高径流量导致其土壤流失量为 1.24 和 1.14 kg m -2 。非层状硅酸盐土壤的中等团聚稳定性和高径流导致其中等土壤流失量为0.75 和0.8 kg m -2 。
Soil mineralogy and texture have substantial effects on aggregate stability and, therefore, may influence infiltration rate (IR) and soil loss under rainfall. The objective was to study the effects of soil mineralogy and texture on crust micromorphology, infiltration, and erosion. Five soils with differing properties were subjected to 80 mm of simulated rainfall. The aggregate stability of these soils was determined by the fast wetting method. The mean-weight diameters of the particles after the fast wetting were 2.8 mm in the clayey kaolinitic soil, 0.25 and 0.31 mm in the clayey and sandy loam montmorillonitic soils, respectively, and 0.84 and 0.87 mm in the clayey nonphyllosilicate soils. The final IR was 20.5 mm h -1 in the clayey kaolinitic soil and ≤9.3 mm h -1 in the remaining soils. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations indicated that the kaolinitic soil had a thin crust (∼0.1 mm) containing large particles (∼0.1 mm), whereas the montmorillonitic soils had thicker crusts (>0.2 mm) comprising either small (∼0.02 mm) particles with a very developed washed-in zone underneath or large (∼0.2 mm) ones with fine material between them. The crust layer in the nonphyllosilicate soils was ∼0.2 mm thick and composed of fine particles ∼0.01 mm. The high aggregate stability and the low dispersivity of the kaolinitic soil, which minimized soil detachment, and its low runoff, which minimized its transport capacity, limited the soil loss to 0.33 kg m -2 , whereas the low aggregate stability and high runoff of the montmorillonitic soils contributed to their soil losses of 1.24 and 1.14 kg m -2 . The intermediate aggregate stability and the high runoff of the nonphyllosilicate soils accounted for their intermediate soil losses of 0.75 and 0.8 kg m -2 .