Clay and non-clay minerals in the pharmaceutical industry Part I. Excipients and medical applications
Clay and non-clay minerals in the pharmaceutical industry Part I. Excipients and medical applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.clay.2009.07.017
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Pozo, Manuel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isabel Carretero, M.;Pozo, Manuel
矿物在制药工业中广泛用作润滑剂、干燥剂、崩解剂、稀释剂、粘合剂、色素和不透明剂，以及乳化剂、增稠剂、等渗剂、抗结块剂、风味校正剂和活性成分的载体。各种矿物质由于具有一定的理想的物理和物理化学性质，如高吸附能力、比表面积、溶胀能力和对酸的反应性，被用作药物制剂的赋形剂。其他重要的性能是水溶性和分散性、吸湿性、油性、触变性、微碱性反应（pH）、可塑性、不透明度和颜色。显然，这些矿物质对人类没有毒性。以下矿物通常用作辅料：氧化物（金红石、锌石、方解石、赤铁矿、磁赤铁矿、磁铁矿）、氢氧化物（针铁矿）、碳酸盐（方解石、菱镁矿）、硫酸盐（石膏、硬石膏）、氯化物（卤石、钾盐）、磷酸盐（羟基磷灰石）和层状硅酸盐（斜长石、海泡石、高岭石、滑石、蒙脱石、皂石和硅长石）。最近，一些构造硅酸盐（沸石）也在药物制剂中发挥作用。矿物还享有以下医疗/健康应用：a)对比诊断技术，b)牙科学中牙水泥和牙模具的生产，c)创伤学中四肢和骨折的固定或牙科和颅面外科手术，d)骨移植或眶植入物的构建，e)水疗和美容中心。这类矿物的例子有氧化物（锌矿、磁铁矿和磁铁矿）、硫酸盐（石膏和重晶石）、磷酸盐（羟基磷灰石）和层状硅酸盐（粘土矿物）。(C) 2009 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Minerals are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as lubricants, desiccants, disintegrants, diluents, binders, pigments and opacifiers, as well as emulsifying, thickening, isotonic agents, and anti caking agents, and flavour correctors and carriers of active ingredients.A variety of minerals are used as excipients in pharmaceutical preparations because they have certain desirable physical and physico-chemical properties, such as high adsorption capacity, specific surface area, swelling capacity, and reactivity to acids. Other important properties are water solubility and dispersivity, hygroscopicity, unctuosity, thixotropy, slightly alkaline reaction (pH), plasticity, opacity, and colour. Clearly such minerals must not be toxic to humans. The following minerals are commonly used as excipients: oxides (rutile, zincite, periclase, hematite, maghemite, magnetite), hydroxides (goethite), carbonates (calcite, magnesite), sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite), chlorides (halite, sylvite), phosphates (hydroxyapatite), and phyllosilicates (palygorskite, sepiolite, kaolinite, talc, montmorillonite, saponite and hectorite). More recently, some tectosilicates (zeolites) also feature in pharmaceutical preparations.Minerals also enjoy the following medical/health applications: a) contrast diagnostic techniques, b) production of dental cements and dental molds in odontology, c) immobilization of limbs and fractures or dental and craniofacial surgical procedures in traumatology, d) bone grafts or construction of orbital implants, and e) spas and aesthetic centers. Examples of such minerals are oxides (zincite, magnetite and maghemite), sulphates (gypsum and barite), phosphates (hydroxyapatite) and phyllosilicates (clay minerals). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.