Epidemiology of Concussions Among United States High School Athletes in 20 Sports
Epidemiology of Concussions Among United States High School Athletes in 20 Sports
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DOI：
10.1177/0363546511435626
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Comstock, R. Dawn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marar, Mallika;McIlvain, Natalie M.;Comstock, R. Dawn
背景：在美国，估计每年发生30万例与运动有关的脑震荡。在15至24岁的人群中，运动是仅次于机动车碰撞的第二大脑震荡原因。目的：通过比较20个运动项目的脑震荡发生率和类型，了解高中运动员脑震荡的流行病学。研究设计：描述性流行病学研究。方法：使用基于互联网的数据收集工具里约热内卢，来自美国高中的大量全国分散样本的认证运动教练报告了2008-2010学年期间20种运动的运动员暴露和受伤数据。结果：在研究期间，在7,780,064例运动员暴露（ae）中报告了1936例脑震荡，总损伤率为每10,000 ae中有2.5例。比赛损伤率（6.4）高于训练损伤率（1.1）（比率比[RR]， 5.7； 95%可信区间[CI]， 5.2 ~ 6.3）。脑震荡的主要原因是足球运动（47.1%,n = 912），其次是女子足球运动（8.2%,n = 159）、男子摔跤运动（5.8%,n = 112）和女子篮球运动（5.5%,n = 107）。足球的脑震荡率最高（6.4），其次是男孩冰球（5.4）和男孩长曲棍球（4.0）。脑震荡在男孩冰球运动中所占的总损伤比例（22.2%）高于其他所有研究项目（13.0%）（损伤比例比[IPR]为1.7；95% CI为1.4 ~ 2.1;P < 0.01）。在性别比较的运动中，女孩的脑震荡率（1.7）高于男孩（1.0）（RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.0）。最常见的损伤机制是球员之间的接触（70.3%）和球员之间的表面接触（17.2%）。在除女子游泳和女子田径以外的运动项目中，超过40%的运动员脑震荡症状在3天或更短的时间内消失。运动员最常在1至3周内恢复比赛（55.3%），其中22.8%在不到1周内恢复，2.0%在不到1天内恢复。结论：尽管对运动相关脑震荡的兴趣通常集中在像足球和冰球这样的全接触运动上，但脑震荡发生在各种各样的高中运动中。脑震荡的发生率因运动、性别和接触类型而异。了解脑震荡的发生率、损伤模式和风险因素可以推动有针对性的预防措施，并有助于降低所有运动中高中运动员脑震荡的风险。
Background: In the United States (US), an estimated 300,000 sports-related concussions occur annually. Among individuals 15 to 24 years of age, sports are second only to motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of concussions.Purpose: To investigate the epidemiology of concussions in high school athletes by comparing rates and patterns of concussion among 20 sports.Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Methods: Using an Internet-based data collection tool, RIO, certified athletic trainers from a large, nationally disperse sample of US high schools reported athlete exposure and injury data for 20 sports during the 2008-2010 academic years.Results: During the study period, 1936 concussions were reported during 7,780,064 athlete-exposures (AEs) for an overall injury rate of 2.5 per 10,000 AEs. The injury rate was higher in competition (6.4) than practice (1.1) (rate ratio [RR], 5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-6.3). The majority of concussions resulted from participation in football (47.1%, n = 912), followed by girls' soccer (8.2%, n = 159), boys' wrestling (5.8%, n = 112), and girls' basketball (5.5%, n = 107). Football had the highest concussion rate (6.4), followed by boys' ice hockey (5.4) and boys' lacrosse (4.0). Concussions represented a greater proportion of total injuries among boys' ice hockey (22.2%) than all other sports studied (13.0%) (injury proportion ratio [IPR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.1; P < .01). In gender-comparable sports, girls had a higher concussion rate (1.7) than boys (1.0) (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.0). The most common mechanisms of injury were player-player contact (70.3%) and player-playing surface contact (17.2%). In more than 40% of athletes in sports other than girls' swimming and girls' track, concussion symptoms resolved in 3 days or less. Athletes most commonly returned to play in 1 to 3 weeks (55.3%), with 22.8% returning in less than 1 week and 2.0% returning in less than 1 day.Conclusion: Although interest in sports-related concussions is usually focused on full-contact sports like football and ice hockey, concussions occur across a wide variety of high school sports. Concussion rates vary by sport, gender, and type of exposure. An understanding of concussion rates, patterns of injury, and risk factors can drive targeted preventive measures and help reduce the risk for concussion among high school athletes in all sports.