Biodegradable polymers in drug delivery and oral vaccination
Biodegradable polymers in drug delivery and oral vaccination
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110155
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发表时间：
2021-01-05
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Dev, Abhimanyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jana, Pradip;Shyam, Mousumi;Dev, Abhimanyu
近年来，生物可降解聚合物因其生物相容性、生物降解性和毒性小等优良特性，已成为药物输送和疫苗接种领域的重要材料。口服给药的药物和疫苗由于溶解度低、易被胃内酸性环境或胃肠道蛋白酶降解，生物利用度低。在颗粒载体中靶向粘膜免疫系统的口服疫苗递送的概念可以在没有任何加强剂量的情况下提供更长时间的所需免疫应答，从而减轻了肠胃外接种中所需的重复注射和熟练人员的需要。这些颗粒系统还可以保护药物或结核抗原免受GIT的酸性环境或结核溶解酶的影响。本文综述了壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物等生物可降解聚合物的应用现状和发展前景，在开发无毒和有效的口服载体系统方面进行了讨论。还讨论了通过包封在聚合物微粒中的姜黄素的生物利用度的改善以及包封在壳聚糖微粒中的天然抗原作为细胞包膜蛋白（CEPs）用于霍乱感染的免疫原性。类似的口服疫苗接种策略也被用于治疗其他传染病。因此，简而言之，可生物降解的聚合物可以发展成为开发药物递送和口服疫苗接种策略中合适的递送系统的重要工具。此外，审查还强调了药物/疫苗组分的负载，随后，它们从颗粒载体系统的释放机制。
Over the years biodegradable polymers have emerged as promising polymeric materials in drug delivery and vaccination due to their fascinating properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and minimal toxicity. Poor bioavailability is still the major issue for numerous drugs and vaccines delivered through oral route owing to their low solubility, degradation by acidic environment of stomach or by proteolytic enzymes of gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Concepts of oral vaccine delivery targeting mucosal immune system in particulate carriers could give desired immunological response for longer period without any booster doses and thus mitigate the need of repetitive injection and skilled personnel as required in parenteral vaccination. These particulate systems can also protect drugs or pmteinaceous antigens from acidic environment or pmteolytic enzymes of GIT. In this review the current applications and future scopes of biodegradable polymers like chitosan, alginate, poly (lactic acid-coglycolic acid), etc., in the development of nontoxic and effective oral carrier systems have been discussed. The improvement in bioavailability of curcumin through encapsulation in polymeric microparticles and immunogenicity of natural antigen as cell envelope proteins (CEPs) upon encapsulation in chitosan microparticles for cholera infection has also been discussed. Similar types of strategies for oral vaccination have also been utilized in the treatment of other infectious diseases. Thus, in nutshell, biodegradable polymers can evolve as an important tool to develop suitable delivery systems in drug delivery and oral vaccination strategies. Further, the review also highlights the loading of drug/vaccine components and subsequently, their release mechanisms from the particulate carrier system.