A review of color vision in white-tailed deer
A review of color vision in white-tailed deer
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白尾鹿色觉的研究进展
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Pipas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Vercauteren;M. Pipas
更好地了解白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）的色觉能力有助于确定这些动物如何解释它们的环境。本文对白尾鹿的色觉能力进行了综述。利用分子遗传学、视网膜电图和电子显微镜等先进技术进行的生理学测量已经确凿地证明，白尾鹿具有色觉的解剖学特征。在使用受过训练的鹿科动物进行的围栏研究中采用的操作性条件反射技术证实了鹿能看到颜色。白尾鹿的眼睛具有3类色素：短波长敏感锥机制、中波长敏感锥机制和短波长敏感杆色素。视网膜中视杆细胞和视锥细胞的数量和分布，加上眼睛的适应性，使白尾鹿在光明和黑暗中具有很高的视觉灵敏度和视觉敏锐度。白天，鹿可以区分蓝色到黄绿色范围内的颜色，还可以区分更长的波长（橙子和红色）。在晚上，鹿看到的颜色在蓝色到蓝绿色的范围内，尽管杆的适度宽的光谱敏感性允许一些较长的波长的歧视。视杆细胞在色觉中起着辨别作用，特别是在低到中等的照明水平下。对鹿来说，彩色视觉的好处包括区分植物物种和部分的能力，以及增强捕食者检测能力。这些信息可以用来改进解决鹿与人冲突的方法，并为鹿研究人员，摄影师和猎人提供关于如何更不引人注目的洞察力。
A better understanding of the color vision abilities of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) helps to determine how these animals interpret their environment. We review and summarize the literature related to the color vision abilities of white-tailed deer. Physiological measurements using advanced techniques such as molecular genetics, electroretinography, and electron microscopy have demonstrated conclusively that white-tailed deer possess the anatomical requisites for color vision. Operant conditioning techniques employed in pen studies using trained cervids confirm that deer see color. The eyes of white-tailed deer are characterized by 3 classes of photopigments: a short-wavelength-sensitive cone mechanism, a middle-wavelength-sensitive cone mechanism, and a short-wavelength-sensitive rod pigment. The number and distribution of rods and cones in the retina, augmented by adaptations of the eye, give white-tailed deer high visual sensitivity and visual acuity in light and darkness. During the day deer discriminate colors in the range blue to yellow-green and can also distinguish longer (orange and red) wavelengths. At night deer see color in the blue to blue-green range, although the moderately wide spectral sensitivity of rods permits some discrimination of longer wavelengths. Rods serve a discriminatory role in color vision, especially at low to moderate illumination levels. Benefits of color vision to deer include the ability to discriminate between plant species and parts and enhanced predator-detection capabilities. This information can be used to refine methods of resolving deer-human conflicts and provide insight to deer researchers, photographers, and hunters on how to be more inconspicuous to their subject.