Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska
Adaptive governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations in Alaska
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1210508110
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发表时间：
2013-06-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Chapin, F. Stuart, III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bronen, Robin;Chapin, F. Stuart, III
本文介绍了气候变化引起的社区搬迁的治理和制度战略。在阿拉斯加，反复出现的极端天气事件加上气候变化引起的海岸侵蚀影响到整个社区的可居住性。社区居民和政府机构一致认为，搬迁是能够保护生命和基础设施的唯一适应战略。社区搬迁使现有治理机构的财政和体制能力捉襟见肘。基于三个阿拉斯加社区，Kivalina，Newtok和Shishmaref，这已经选择搬迁的比较分析，我们研究在美国搬迁的制度约束。我们确定了政策变化和工具包的组成部分，当环境事件威胁到人们的生命和保护到位是不可能的，可以促进基于社区的适应。政策变化包括修订《斯塔福德法》，将侵蚀等渐进的地球物理过程纳入灾害的法定定义，并建立一个适应性治理框架，使社区能够采取从保护到位到社区搬迁的连续应对措施。该工具包的关键组成部分是地方领导以及将社会和生态福祉纳入适应规划。
This article presents governance and institutional strategies for climate-induced community relocations. In Alaska, repeated extreme weather events coupled with climate change-induced coastal erosion impact the habitability of entire communities. Community residents and government agencies concur that relocation is the only adaptation strategy that can protect lives and infrastructure. Community relocation stretches the financial and institutional capacity of existing governance institutions. Based on a comparative analysis of three Alaskan communities, Kivalina, Newtok, and Shishmaref, which have chosen to relocate, we examine the institutional constraints to relocation in the United States. We identify policy changes and components of a toolkit that can facilitate community-based adaptation when environmental events threaten people's lives and protection in place is not possible. Policy changes include amendment of the Stafford Act to include gradual geophysical processes, such as erosion, in the statutory definition of disaster and the creation of an adaptive governance framework to allow communities a continuum of responses from protection in place to community relocation. Key components of the toolkit are local leadership and integration of social and ecological well-being into adaptation planning.