The changing landscape of international migration: evidence from rural households in Bangladesh, 2000–2014
The changing landscape of international migration: evidence from rural households in Bangladesh, 2000–2014
复制标题
国际移民格局的变化：来自孟加拉国农村家庭的证据，2000-2014 年
作者：
Aiko Kikkawa;K. Otsuka
摘要 有证据表明，贫困人口不易参与海外就业，很大程度上是因为安置成本高、就业信息获取困难。本研究利用 2000 年、2008 年和 2014 年孟加拉国农村家庭的独特数据，探讨了决定派遣家庭成员出国工作的家庭的社会经济特征，并评估其随时间的变化。分析表明，家庭成员的教育程度、资产持有量和社交网络与移民呈正相关，特别是在过去。然而，最近，随着进入门槛的降低，受教育程度较低、社交网络薄弱的贫困家庭开始缓慢参与。造成这种变化的可能原因包括招聘机构的强大存在、主要目的地国对低技能工人的持续需求、不断增长的国内劳动力需求有利于受过教育的工人，以及更好地获得非抵押贷款和赠款来资助移民。
ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that the poor cannot readily take part in overseas employment, largely because of high placement costs and poor access to job information. Using unique data on rural households in Bangladesh for 2000, 2008 and 2014, this study explores the socioeconomic characteristics of households which decide to send family members to work abroad and evaluates their changes over time. Analysis shows that the education of household members, asset holdings and social networks have been positive correlates of migration, particularly in the past. More recently, however, less educated and poorer households with weak social networks have begun taking part slowly as entry barriers have decreased. The possible causes for such change include the strong presence of recruitment agencies, persistent demand for low-skilled workers in major destination countries, growing domestic labor demand favoring educated workers, and better access to non-collateral loans and grants to finance migration.