COMPONENTS OF VISUAL ORIENTING IN EARLY INFANCY - CONTINGENCY LEARNING, ANTICIPATORY LOOKING, AND DISENGAGING
COMPONENTS OF VISUAL ORIENTING IN EARLY INFANCY - CONTINGENCY LEARNING, ANTICIPATORY LOOKING, AND DISENGAGING
复制标题
DOI：
10.1162/jocn.1991.3.4.335
复制
发表时间：
1991-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
ROTHBART, MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JOHNSON, MH;POSNER, MI;ROTHBART, MK
本文对2、3、4月龄婴儿视觉定向发育的三个方面进行了研究。这些是发病的年龄和发展的顺序：(1)随时从刺激中脱离视线的能力，(2)持续显示“预期”眼球运动的能力，以及(3)使用中心线索预测目标空间位置的能力。结果表明，只有4个月大的婴儿能够很容易地脱离有吸引力的中央刺激，转向同时呈现的目标。4个月大的婴儿表现出“期待”表情的比例是其他年龄组的两倍多。最后，只有4个月大的婴儿表现出能够获得中央线索和目标的空间位置（向左或向右）之间的偶然关系的显著证据。预期观察和偶然性学习的测量结果不相关。总的来说，这些发现与视觉定向发展的成熟描述的预测相一致。
Three aspects of the development of visual orienting in infants of 2, 3, and 4 months of age are examined in this paper. These are the age of onset and sequence of development of (1) the ability to readily disengage gaze from a stimulus, (2) the ability to consistently show "anticipatory" eye movements, and (3) the ability to use a central cue to predict the spatial location of a target. Results indicated that only the 4-month-old group was easily able to disengage from an attractive central stimulus to orient toward a simultaneously presented target. The 4-month-old group also showed more than double the percentage of "anticipatory" looks than did the other age groups. Finally, only the 4-month-old group showed significant evidence of being able to acquire the contingent relationship between a central cue and the spatial location (to the right or to the left) of a target. Measures of anticipatory looking and contingency learning were not correlated. These findings are, in general terms, consistent with the predictions of maturational accounts of the development of visual orienting.