Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods?
Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods?
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1682s
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Roberfroid, MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roberfroid, MB
益生菌是一种可行的微生物膳食补充剂，通过其在肠道中的作用有益地影响宿主。益生菌广泛用于制备发酵乳制品，如酸奶或冻干培养物。将来，它们也可能在发酵的蔬菜和肉类中发现。在人体研究中，已经报道了与益生菌摄入相关的几种健康相关影响，包括减轻乳糖不耐受和增强免疫力。一些证据表明，益生菌在降低轮状病毒引起的腹泻和结肠癌的风险方面发挥了作用。益生元是不易消化的食物成分，通过选择性地刺激结肠中一种或有限数量的细菌的生长或活性而使宿主受益。与益生元的工作一直是有限的，只有涉及菊糖型果聚糖的研究已经产生了足够的数据，对它们作为功能性食品成分的可能用途进行了全面的评估。目前，关于降低疾病风险的说法只是初步的，需要进一步的研究。其中包括缓解便秘、抑制腹泻、降低骨质疏松症、与血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗相关的动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病、肥胖症以及可能的2型糖尿病的风险。益生菌和益生元在合生元中的组合尚未研究。这种组合可能会提高穿过胃肠道上部的细菌的存活率，从而增强它们在大肠中的作用。此外，它们的影响可能是累加的，甚至是协同的。
A probiotic is a viable microbial dietary supplement that beneficially affects the host through its effects in the intestinal tract. Probiotics are widely used to prepare fermented dairy products such as yogurt or freeze-dried cultures. In the future, they may also be found in fermented vegetables and meats. Several health-related effects associated with the intake of probiotics, including alleviation of lactose intolerance and immune enhancement, have been reported in human studies. Some evidence suggests a role for probiotics in reducing the risk of rotavirus-induced diarrhea and colon cancer. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that benefit the host by selectively stimulating the growth or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. Work with prebiotics has been limited, and only studies involving the inulin-type fructans have generated sufficient data for thorough evaluation regarding their possible use as functional food ingredients. At present, claims about reduction of disease risk are only tentative and further research is needed. Among the claims are constipation relief, suppression of diarrhea, and reduction of the risks of osteoporosis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, obesity, and possibly type 2 diabetes. The combination of probiotics and prebiotics in a synbiotic has not been studied. This combination might improve the survival of the bacteria crossing the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby enhancing their effects in the large bowel. In addition, their effects might be additive or even synergistic.