EVOLUTION OF EXTREME BODY SIZE DISPARITY IN MONITOR LIZARDS (VARANUS)
EVOLUTION OF EXTREME BODY SIZE DISPARITY IN MONITOR LIZARDS (VARANUS)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01335.x
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Losos, Jonathan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collar, David C.;Schulte, James A., II;Losos, Jonathan B.
物种的许多生物学特征，包括生活史、生理学、形态学和生态学都与身体大小密切相关。因此，调查的大小分歧的原因是至关重要的，了解的因素，形成分化内的表型多样性。在这项研究中，我们研究了巨蜥（Varanus）的大小进化，这是一个分支，包括现存最大的蜥蜴物种，科莫多龙（V. komodoensis），以及成年体重小近四个数量级的小型物种。我们表明，显着的身体大小的差异，这支是一个后果的三个主要的栖息地使用模式-树栖，陆生，岩石居住的不同的选择性要求。我们重建了系统发育关系和祖先栖息地的使用和应用模型选择，以确定最适合物种的成年大小的进化模型是那些推断与陆生和岩石居住相关的相反方向的适应性进化的模型，陆生谱系进化非常大的尺寸和岩石居民变得非常小。我们还表明，栖息地的利用影响了几个生态重要的形态特征的进化独立的身体大小的分歧。这些结果表明，栖息地的使用施加了强大的，多方面的影响，在巨蜥的形态大小和形状差异的演变。
Many features of species' biology, including life history, physiology, morphology, and ecology are tightly linked to body size. Investigation into the causes of size divergence is therefore critical to understanding the factors shaping phenotypic diversity within clades. In this study, we examined size evolution in monitor lizards (Varanus), a clade that includes the largest extant lizard species, the Komodo dragon (V. komodoensis), as well as diminutive species that are nearly four orders of magnitude smaller in adult body mass. We demonstrate that the remarkable body size disparity of this clade is a consequence of different selective demands imposed by three major habitat use patterns-arboreality, terrestriality, and rock-dwelling. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships and ancestral habitat use and applied model selection to determine that the best-fitting evolutionary models for species' adult size are those that infer oppositely directed adaptive evolution associated with terrestriality and rock-dwelling, with terrestrial lineages evolving extremely large size and rock-dwellers becoming very small. We also show that habitat use affects the evolution of several ecologically important morphological traits independently of body size divergence. These results suggest that habitat use exerts a strong, multidimensional influence on the evolution of morphological size and shape disparity in monitor lizards.