Rapid evolution of egg size in captive salmon
Rapid evolution of egg size in captive salmon
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1079707
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发表时间：
2003-03-14
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Fox, CW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heath, DD;Heath, JW;Fox, CW
圈养繁殖和释放程序，广泛用于补充种群数量下降的物种，最大限度地减少少年死亡率，以实现快速人口增长。然而，在良性环境中饲养动物可能会促进圈养适应性但在自然界中适应不良的特征。在奇努克鲑鱼中，孵化场饲养放松了有利于大卵的自然选择，允许繁殖力选择驱动小卵的异常快速进化。小鸡蛋的趋势也很明显，在自然种群大量补充孵化场，但不是在最低限度补充人口。圈养条件下的无意选择可能导致关键生活史性状的快速变化，这可能会降低补充或再引入计划的成功率。
Captive breeding and release programs, widely used to supplement populations of declining species, minimize juvenile mortality to achieve rapid population growth. However, raising animals in benign environments may promote traits that are adaptive in captivity but maladaptive in nature. In chinook salmon, hatchery rearing relaxes natural selection favoring large eggs, allowing fecundity selection to drive exceptionally rapid evolution of small eggs. Trends toward small eggs are also evident in natural populations heavily supplemented by hatcheries, but not in minimally supplemented populations. Unintentional selection in captivity can lead to rapid changes in critical life-history traits that may reduce the success of supplementation or reintroduction programs.