Use of an observational cohort study to estimate the effectiveness of the New Zealand group B meningococcal vaccine in children aged under 5 years
Use of an observational cohort study to estimate the effectiveness of the New Zealand group B meningococcal vaccine in children aged under 5 years
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyn228
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
O'Hallahan, Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galloway, Yvonne;Stehr-Green, Paul;O'Hallahan, Jane
背景2004年7月，在新西兰引入了一种株特异性疫苗，以对抗B群脑膜炎球菌病的流行。我们估计这种疫苗在学龄前儿童的有效性。方法我们进行了队列分析的所有儿童在新西兰谁是6个月至5岁的时候，疫苗成为该年龄组在他们的地区。我们将病例定义为被诊断为实验室确诊的流行性脑膜炎球菌病的儿童。我们使用国家免疫登记处的数据和新西兰统计局的人口估计值计算了处于风险中的人/天。结果与未接种疫苗的儿童相比，完全接种疫苗的儿童在有资格接受完整疫苗接种系列后的24个月内感染流行性脑膜炎球菌病的可能性降低了5 - 6倍，相应的估计疫苗有效性为80.0（95置信区间：52.591.6）6个月至5岁儿童和84.8（95置信区间：结论新西兰全国20岁以下的儿童接种了300多万剂疫苗，来自I期和II期临床试验、脑膜炎球菌病的描述性流行病学和本研究的综合证据提供了支持该疫苗在接种后2年内有效性的证据。
Background In July 2004 a strain-specific vaccine was introduced to combat an epidemic of group B meningococcal disease in New Zealand. We estimated the effectiveness of this vaccine in pre-school-aged children.Methods We conducted a cohort analysis of all children in New Zealand who were aged 6 months to 5 years at the time the vaccine became available for that age group in their area. We defined cases as children who were diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed epidemic strain meningococcal disease. We calculated person-days-at-risk using data from the National Immunization Register and population estimates from Statistics New Zealand. We estimated vaccine effectiveness as 1 relative risk.Results Compared with unvaccinated children, fully vaccinated children were five to six times less likely to contract epidemic strain meningococcal disease in the 24 months after they became eligible to receive a full vaccination series, corresponding to an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 80.0 (95 confidence interval: 52.591.6) for children aged 6 months to 5 years and 84.8 (95 confidence interval: 59.494.3) for children aged 6 months to 3 years.Conclusions With over 3 million doses administered to individuals aged under 20 years throughout New Zealand, combined evidence from the Phase I and II clinical trials, the descriptive epidemiology of meningococcal disease, and this study provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of this vaccine in the 2 years following vaccination.