Safety and efficacy of genetic MECP2 supplementation in the R294X mouse model of Rett syndrome.

Safety and efficacy of genetic MECP2 supplementation in the R294X mouse model of Rett syndrome.
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DOI:
10.1111/gbb.12739
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发表时间:
2022-01
期刊:
Genes, brain, and behavior
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Neul JL
Neul JL
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Collins BE;Merritt JK;Erickson KR;Neul JL

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Rett 综合征是一种神经发育障碍,主要由编码转录调节剂甲基 CpG 结合蛋白 2 (MeCP2) 的 MECP2 功能丧失突变引起。尽管目前尚不存在缓解疾病的疗法,但一些提出的治疗策略旨在用产生典型水平的功能性 MeCP2 的野生型等位基因来补充突变等位基因,例如基因治疗。由于 MECP2 是一种剂量敏感基因,功能丧失和获得都会导致疾病,因此这些方法必须实现狭窄的治疗窗口才能安全有效。虽然补充 MeCP2 可挽救小鼠模型中的 RTT 样表型,但 MeCP2 的耐受阈值尚不清楚,特别是对于部分功能丧失突变。我们在 R294X 等位基因(一种保留 DNA 结合能力的常见部分功能丧失突变)的背景下评估了基因补充全长人类 MeCP2 的安全性。我们评估了补充部分功能丧失突变体的 MeCP2 可能产生的不利影响,以及突变体和全长 MeCP2 之间显性负相互作用的可能性。在雄性半合子 R294X 小鼠中,补充 MeCP2 挽救了类似 RTT 的行为表型,并且没有引起过量 MeCP2 的行为证据。在雌性杂合 R294X 小鼠中,RTT 特异性表型也得到了类似的挽救。然而,补充 MeCP2 导致运动协调测定中 MeCP2 活性过量的证据,这表明潜在的运动回路对女性中的 MeCP2 剂量特别敏感。这些结果表明,全长 MeCP2 的基因补充对于男性(尤其是女性)是安全的。然而,对于患有 RTT 的女孩和妇女,可能需要仔细考虑不良运动影响的风险。 RTT 和 MECP2 重复综合征样行为表型在具有 R294X Mecp2 突变和转基因过表达 MeCP2 蛋白的雌性小鼠中得到挽救。
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused predominantly by loss‐of‐function mutations in MECP2, encoding transcriptional modulator methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Although no disease‐modifying therapies exist at this time, some proposed therapeutic strategies aim to supplement the mutant allele with a wild‐type allele producing typical levels of functional MeCP2, such as gene therapy. Because MECP2 is a dosage‐sensitive gene, with both loss and gain of function causing disease, these approaches must achieve a narrow therapeutic window to be both safe and effective. While MeCP2 supplementation rescues RTT‐like phenotypes in mouse models, the tolerable threshold of MeCP2 is not clear, particularly for partial loss‐of‐function mutations. We assessed the safety of genetically supplementing full‐length human MeCP2 in the context of the R294X allele, a common partial loss‐of‐function mutation retaining DNA‐binding capacity. We assessed the potential for adverse effects from MeCP2 supplementation of a partial loss‐of‐function mutant and the potential for dominant negative interactions between mutant and full‐length MeCP2. In male hemizygous R294X mice, MeCP2 supplementation rescued RTT‐like behavioral phenotypes and did not elicit behavioral evidence of excess MeCP2. In female heterozygous R294X mice, RTT‐specific phenotypes were similarly rescued. However, MeCP2 supplementation led to evidence of excess MeCP2 activity in a motor coordination assay, suggesting that the underlying motor circuitry is particularly sensitive to MeCP2 dosage in females. These results show that genetic supplementation of full‐length MeCP2 is safe in males and largely so females. However, careful consideration of risk for adverse motor effects may be warranted for girls and women with RTT. RTT‐ and MECP2 duplication syndrome‐like behavioral phenotypes are rescued in female mice with the R294X Mecp2 mutation and a transgene overexpressing MeCP2 protein.
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