Internalization of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin Is Regulated by Cathepsin B Released from Lysosomes.

Internalization of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin Is Regulated by Cathepsin B Released from Lysosomes.
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DOI:
10.3390/toxins13040272
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发表时间:
2021-04-09
期刊:
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Takehara M
Takehara M
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nagahama M;Kobayashi K;Ochi S;Takehara M

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肉毒梭菌C2毒素是一种由肌动蛋白ADP-核糖基转移酶(C2I)和C2II结合组分组成的双元毒素。活化的C2II(C2IIa)与细胞受体结合,在膜筏中形成寡聚体。C2IIa寡聚体与C2I组装,有助于C2I进入宿主细胞的细胞质。C2IIa可诱导钙离子诱导的溶酶体胞吐、酸性鞘磷脂酶(ASMase)的胞外释放、膜内陷和内吞,通过ASMase产生神经酰胺。在这里,我们揭示了C2毒素在内吞过程中需要溶酶体酶组织蛋白酶B(CTSB)。溶酶体是蛋白质的丰富来源,包括半胱氨酸蛋白酶CTSB和组织蛋白酶L(CTSL),以及天冬氨酸蛋白酶组织蛋白酶D(CTSD)。半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂E64可阻断C2毒素诱导的细胞圆整,而天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂胃抑素-A则不能。E64抑制了C2IIa促进的胞外ASMase活性,表明该酶参与了ASMase的激活。C2IIa诱导CTSB和CTSL的胞外释放,但不诱导CTSD的释放。被siRNA敲除的CTSB可抑制C2毒素诱导的细胞毒作用,但不能抑制siCTSL。这些发现表明,CTSB对于C2毒素通过提高ASMase活性而有效进入细胞是重要的。
Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is a clostridial binary toxin consisting of actin ADP-ribosyltransferase (C2I) and C2II binding components. Activated C2II (C2IIa) binds to cellular receptors and forms oligomer in membrane rafts. C2IIa oligomer assembles with C2I and contributes to the transport of C2I into the cytoplasm of host cells. C2IIa induces Ca2+-induced lysosomal exocytosis, extracellular release of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), and membrane invagination and endocytosis through generating ceramides in the membrane by ASMase. Here, we reveal that C2 toxin requires the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B (CTSB) during endocytosis. Lysosomes are a rich source of proteases, containing cysteine protease CTSB and cathepsin L (CTSL), and aspartyl protease cathepsin D (CTSD). Cysteine protease inhibitor E64 blocked C2 toxin-induced cell rounding, but aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin-A did not. E64 inhibited the C2IIa-promoted extracellular ASMase activity, indicating that the protease contributes to the activation of ASMase. C2IIa induced the extracellular release of CTSB and CTSL, but not CTSD. CTSB knockdown by siRNA suppressed C2 toxin-caused cytotoxicity, but not siCTSL. These findings demonstrate that CTSB is important for effective cellular entry of C2 toxin into cells through increasing ASMase activity.
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