Air Toxics in Relation to Autism Diagnosis, Phenotype, and Severity in a U.S. Family-Based Study.
Air Toxics in Relation to Autism Diagnosis, Phenotype, and Severity in a U.S. Family-Based Study.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp1867
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发表时间：
2018-03-12
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Volk HE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kalkbrenner AE;Windham GC;Zheng C;McConnell R;Lee NL;Schauer JJ;Thayer B;Pandey J;Volk HE
以前的研究已经报道了围产期暴露于空气有毒物质，包括一些金属和挥发性有机化合物，与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的关联。我们的目标是进一步探讨高风险多重家庭中围产期空气中毒与ASD及相关数量性状的关系。我们纳入了一项以美国家庭为基础的研究[自闭症遗传资源交换（AGRE）]的参与者，他们出生于1994年至2007年之间，并有地址信息。我们评估了来自美国环保署基于排放的全国范围空气毒性评估的155种空气毒性物质的出生时平均年浓度与a）ASD诊断之间的关联（1,540例病例和477例对照）; B）自闭症相关特征的连续测量，社会反应量表（SRS，在1,272例病例和对照组中）;和c）自闭症严重程度的测量，校准严重程度评分（在1,380例病例中）。除了个人的空气中毒水平，混合模型（家庭聚类）包括家庭平均空气中毒水平，出生年份，人口普查协变量，考虑到错误的发现率。ASD诊断与丙醛、甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）、溴仿、1，4-二氧六环、二苯并呋喃和乙二醇醚呈正相关，与1，4-二氯苯、4，4 ′-亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯（MDI）、联苯胺和氨基甲酸乙酯（氨基甲酸乙酯）呈负相关。这些协会是强大的调整两种污染物模型。自闭症严重程度与二硫化碳和氯苯呈正相关，与1，4-二氯苯呈负相关。与SRS无关。一些空气毒性与ASD风险和严重程度相关，包括一些与交通有关的空气污染物和新报告的关联，但其他先前报告的与金属和挥发性有机化合物的关联不可重现。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1867
Previous studies have reported associations of perinatal exposure to air toxics, including some metals and volatile organic compounds, with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our goal was to further explore associations of perinatal air toxics with ASD and associated quantitative traits in high-risk multiplex families. We included participants of a U.S. family-based study [the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE)] who were born between 1994 and 2007 and had address information. We assessed associations between average annual concentrations at birth for each of 155 air toxics from the U.S. EPA emissions-based National-scale Air Toxics Assessment and a) ASD diagnosis (1,540 cases and 477 controls); b) a continuous measure of autism-related traits, the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS, among 1,272 cases and controls); and c) a measure of autism severity, the Calibrated Severity Score (among 1,380 cases). In addition to the individual’s air toxic level, mixed models (clustering on family) included the family mean air toxic level, birth year, and census covariates, with consideration of the false discovery rate. ASD diagnosis was positively associated with propionaldehyde, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), bromoform, 1,4-dioxane, dibenzofurans, and glycol ethers and was inversely associated with 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), benzidine, and ethyl carbamate (urethane). These associations were robust to adjustment in two-pollutant models. Autism severity was associated positively with carbon disulfide and chlorobenzene, and negatively with 1,4-dichlorobenzene. There were no associations with the SRS. Some air toxics were associated with ASD risk and severity, including some traffic-related air pollutants and newly-reported associations, but other previously reported associations with metals and volatile organic compounds were not reproducible. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1867