Septins Focus Cellular Growth for Host Infection by Pathogenic Fungi.
Septins Focus Cellular Growth for Host Infection by Pathogenic Fungi.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2017.00033
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Talbot NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Momany M;Talbot NJ
微生物病原体面临的关键挑战之一是入侵宿主组织。真菌病原体采取许多不同的策略来克服宿主细胞防御，包括专门的感染结构的发展，操纵宿主反应或细胞组织的蛋白质的分泌，以及通过吞噬机制促进自身摄取的能力。许多这些适应的关键是相当大的形态发生可塑性所显示的致病物种。例如，真菌病原体可以在非极化孢子或酵母样细胞与高度极化的菌丝丝之间改变其生长习性。然后，这些极化的细丝可以精心制作分化的细胞，专门突破宿主屏障。隔膜蛋白在各种真菌进行形状改变和组织F-肌动蛋白细胞骨架以促进侵入性生长的能力中发挥重要作用。因此，septins越来越多地参与真菌的发病机制，许多septins突变体显示其引起植物和动物疾病的能力受损。在这个小型审查中，我们表明，一个共同的特点，隔蛋白突变体是出现额外的极性生长在形态转变，如出现芽管从分生孢子或分支从菌丝。我们认为，由于septins检测和稳定膜曲率，他们防止额外的极性生长，从而集中真菌的侵入力，允许基板入侵。
One of the key challenges faced by microbial pathogens is invasion of host tissue. Fungal pathogens adopt a number of distinct strategies to overcome host cell defenses, including the development of specialized infection structures, the secretion of proteins that manipulate host responses or cellular organization, and the ability to facilitate their own uptake by phagocytic mechanisms. Key to many of these adaptations is the considerable morphogenetic plasticity displayed by pathogenic species. Fungal pathogens can, for example, shift their growth habit between non-polarized spores, or yeast-like cells, and highly polarized hyphal filaments. These polarized filaments can then elaborate differentiated cells, specialized to breach host barriers. Septins play fundamental roles in the ability of diverse fungi to undergo shape changes and organize the F-actin cytoskeleton to facilitate invasive growth. As a consequence, septins are increasingly implicated in fungal pathogenesis, with many septin mutants displaying impairment in their ability to cause diseases of both plants and animals. In this mini-review, we show that a common feature of septin mutants is the emergence of extra polar outgrowths during morphological transitions, such as emergence of germ tubes from conidia or branches from hyphae. We propose that because septins detect and stabilize membrane curvature, they prevent extra polar outgrowths and thereby focus fungal invasive force, allowing substrate invasion.