Relationship between Biomass Burning Emissions and Deforestation in Amazonia over the Last Two Decades
Relationship between Biomass Burning Emissions and Deforestation in Amazonia over the Last Two Decades
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/f12091217
复制
发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
G. Mataveli;Gabriel de Oliveira;Hugo T. Seixas;G. Pereira;S. Stark;L. Gatti;L. Basso;Graciela Tejada;H. Cassol;L. Anderson;L. Aragão
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Mataveli;Gabriel de Oliveira;Hugo T. Seixas;G. Pereira;S. Stark;L. Gatti;L. Basso;Graciela Tejada;H. Cassol;L. Anderson;L. Aragão
随着森林砍伐和相关火灾的高发生率，以及保护亚马逊河流域的迫切需要，提高对生物质燃烧排放驱动因素的理解至关重要。利用轨道遥感数据能够对生物质燃烧排放量和森林砍伐量进行估计。在这项研究中，我们估计了与生物质燃烧相关的直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）的排放量，这是一种主要的人类健康风险，使用巴西生物质燃烧排放模型与火辐射功率（3BEM_FRP），并根据MapBiomas数据集估计森林砍伐。利用这些估计，我们首次评估了过去二十年来森林砍伐如何在三个分析尺度上推动亚马逊地区的生物质燃烧排放：亚马逊地区，国家/州和像素。亚马逊河流域占南美洲生物质燃烧排放的PM2.5的48%，目前的森林砍伐率已达到21世纪初的水平。排放和毁林集中在亚马孙东部和中南部。整个亚马逊流域的森林砍伐和排放量与时间有关（R = 0.65）。农业分布最广的国家/州在这一规模上不太可能相关，可能是因为生物质燃烧在农业实践中的重要性。集中在正在进行的森林砍伐地区，在18%的亚马逊网格单元PM2.5排放与生物质燃烧和森林砍伐显着正相关。森林砍伐是亚马逊地区排放的一个重要驱动因素，但不能单独解释生物质燃烧。因此，未来的工作必须将气候和其他非森林砍伐驱动因素联系起来，以完全了解亚马逊地区生物质燃烧的排放。人类活动对森林地区的影响最终导致更多的火灾和森林砍伐，预计这种影响将继续下去，使危险排放危机恶化。
With deforestation and associated fires ongoing at high rates, and amidst urgent need to preserve Amazonia, improving the understanding of biomass burning emissions drivers is essential. The use of orbital remote sensing data enables the estimate of both biomass burning emissions and deforestation. In this study, we have estimated emissions of particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) associated with biomass burning, a primary human health risk, using the Brazilian Biomass Burning emission model with Fire Radiative Power (3BEM_FRP), and estimated deforestation based on the MapBiomas dataset. Using these estimates, we have assessed for the first time how deforestation drove biomass burning emissions in Amazonia over the last two decades at three scales of analysis: Amazonia-wide, country/state and pixel. Amazonia accounted for 48% of PM2.5 emitted from biomass burning in South America and current deforestation rates have reached values on par with those of the early 21st Century. Emissions and deforestation were concentrated in the Eastern and Central-Southern portions of Amazonia. Amazonia-wide deforestation and emissions were linked through time (R = 0.65). Countries/states with the widest spread agriculture were less likely to be correlated at this scale, likely because of the importance of biomass burning in agricultural practices. Concentrated in regions of ongoing deforestation, in 18% of Amazonia grid cells PM2.5 emissions associated with biomass burning and deforestation were significantly positively correlated. Deforestation is an important driver of emissions in Amazonia but does not explain biomass burning alone. Therefore, future work must link climate and other non-deforestation drivers to completely understand biomass burning emissions in Amazonia. The advance of anthropogenic activities over forested areas, which ultimately leads to more fires and deforestation, is expected to continue, worsening a crisis of dangerous emissions.