High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas
High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msh009
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Hammer, MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zegura, SL;Karafet, TM;Hammer, MF
对来自18个美洲原住民、28个亚洲人和5个欧洲人群体的2，344条Y染色体样本进行了共63个二元多态性和10个短串联重复序列（STR）的基因分型，以调查美洲原住民父系血统的起源。格林伯格的所有三个主要语言部门（包括342个美洲人的发言者，186个纳-德内语发言者和60个阿留申-爱斯基摩语发言者）在我们的588个美洲原住民样本中得到了代表。单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分析表明，三个主要的单倍型群，表示为C，Q和R，占近96%的美洲原住民Y染色体。单倍群C和Q被认为代表了早期美洲原住民的Y染色体谱系;然而，美洲原住民中存在的大多数单倍群R谱系很可能来自最近与欧洲人的混合。虽然两个主要的单倍群不同的地理和STR多样性模式，以前导致的推断，他们分别从亚洲到美洲进行，一个多态性的创始人口的单一迁移的假设更适合我们扩大的数据库。STR单倍型群C和Q内的变化的系统发育分析追溯到一个可能的祖先的家园在阿尔泰山附近的西伯利亚西南部。阿尔泰人加上北亚人与美洲原住民人口系统之间的分歧日期从10，100年到17，200年不等，排除了很早就进入美洲的可能性。
A total of 63 binary polymorphisms and 10 short tandem repeats (STRs) were genotyped on a sample of 2,344 Y chromosomes from 18 Native American, 28 Asian, and 5 European populations to investigate the origin(s) of Native American paternal lineages. All three of Greenberg's major linguistic divisions (including 342 Amerind speakers, 186 Na-Dene speakers, and 60 Aleut-Eskimo speakers) were represented in our sample of 588 Native Americans. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis indicated that three major haplogroups, denoted as C, Q, and R, accounted for nearly 96% of Native American Y chromosomes. Haplogroups C and Q were deemed to represent early Native American founding Y chromosome lineages; however, most haplogroup R lineages present in Native Americans most likely came from recent admixture with Europeans. Although different phylogeographic and STR diversity patterns for the two major founding haplogroups previously led to the inference that they were carried from Asia to the Americas separately, the hypothesis of a single migration of a polymorphic founding population better fits our expanded database. Phylogenetic analyses of STR variation within haplogroups C and Q traced both lineages to a probable ancestral homeland in the vicinity of the Altai Mountains in Southwest Siberia. Divergence dates between the Altai plus North Asians versus the Native American population system ranged from 10,100 to 17,200 years for all lineages, precluding a very early entry into the Americas.