A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change
A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change
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DOI：
10.1038/nature11118
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发表时间：
2012-06-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
O'Connor, Mary I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hooper, David U.;Adair, E. Carol;O'Connor, Mary I.
越来越多的证据表明，生态系统正在改变对地球生态系统的生产力和可持续性至关重要的关键过程（1-4）。进一步的物种损失将加速生态系统过程的变化（5-8），但目前尚不清楚这些影响如何与其他形式的环境变化的直接影响相比，这些影响既推动多样性损失，又改变生态系统功能。在这里，我们使用一套荟萃分析公布的数据表明，物种损失对生产力和分解的影响-在所有生态系统中重要的两个过程-是许多其他全球环境变化的影响相当的幅度。在实验中，中等水平的物种损失（21-40%）使植物产量减少5- 10%，与以前记录的紫外线辐射和气候变暖的影响相当。更高水平的灭绝（41-60%）的影响与臭氧，酸化，二氧化碳浓度升高和营养污染相媲美。在中间水平，物种的损失一般有相等或更大的影响，分解比升高CO2和氮添加。物种的身份丧失也对生产力和分解的变化产生了很大影响，产生了广泛的可能灭绝结果。尽管需要对多样性丧失和环境变化的相互影响进行更多的研究，但我们的分析清楚地表明，当地物种丧失的生态系统后果与几种全球变化压力源的直接影响一样重要，这些压力源已经动员了主要的国际关注和补救措施（9）。
Evidence is mounting that extinctions are altering key processes important to the productivity and sustainability of Earth's ecosystems(1-4). Further species loss will accelerate change in ecosystem processes(5-8), but it is unclear how these effects compare to the direct effects of other forms of environmental change that are both driving diversity loss and altering ecosystem function. Here we use a suite of meta-analyses of published data to show that the effects of species loss on productivity and decomposition-two processes important in all ecosystems-are of comparable magnitude to the effects of many other global environmental changes. In experiments, intermediate levels of species loss (21-40%) reduced plant production by 5-10%, comparable to previously documented effects of ultraviolet radiation and climate warming. Higher levels of extinction (41-60%) had effects rivalling those of ozone, acidification, elevated CO2 and nutrient pollution. At intermediate levels, species loss generally had equal or greater effects on decomposition than did elevated CO2 and nitrogen addition. The identity of species lost also had a large effect on changes in productivity and decomposition, generating a wide range of plausible outcomes for extinction. Despite the need for more studies on interactive effects of diversity loss and environmental changes, our analyses clearly show that the ecosystem consequences of local species loss are as quantitatively significant as the direct effects of several global change stressors that have mobilized major international concern and remediation efforts(9).