Predictions About Reward Outcomes in Rhesus Monkeys
Predictions About Reward Outcomes in Rhesus Monkeys
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DOI：
10.1037/bne0000573
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发表时间：
2023-12-07
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Rosati，Alexandra G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huang，Yiyun;Chang，Hayoung;Rosati，Alexandra G.
人类婴儿和非人类动物对意外事件的反应是比预期情况更长时间地观察意外情况。这些看起来的反应提供了核心认知证据，证明非语言思维对可能的结果做出预测，并检测这些预测何时与现实不符。我们认为这种现象与奖励预测误差的过程具有重要的相似之处，索引了预期奖励结果和实际奖励结果之间的差异。迄今为止，大多数关于奖励预测错误的工作都涉及神经生物学技术，这些技术无法在许多相关人群中实施，因此我们开发了一项新颖的行为任务，通过观察时间反应来评估猴子对奖励结果的预测。在研究 1 中，我们测试了半自由放养的猴子 (n= 210) 对正错误（奖励比预期多）、负错误（奖励比预期少）和数字控制的反应。我们发现，与预期相同数量的奖励相比，当给定的奖励出乎意料地大或小时，猴子会花更长时间看它。在研究 2 中，我们比较了从婴儿期到老年期 (n= 363) 的猴子在正错误条件下的反应，以评估对奖励预测的敏感性的寿命变化。我们发现，青春期猴子对意外奖励表现出更强的反应，类似于人类的模式，但在衰老过程中没有表现出任何变化。这些结果表明，猴子的观看反应可用于跟踪它们对奖励的预测，并且猴子与人类共享一些奖励敏感度的发育特征，从而提供了一种新方法来访问基于奖励的决策的认知过程。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）
Human infants and nonhuman animals respond to surprising events by looking longer at unexpected than expected situations. These looking responses provide core cognitive evidence that nonverbal minds make predictions about possible outcomes and detect when these predictions fail to match reality. We propose that this phenomenon has crucial parallels with the processes of reward prediction error, indexing the difference between expected and actual reward outcomes. Most work on reward prediction errors to date involves neurobiological techniques that cannot be implemented in many relevant populations, so we developed a novel behavioral task to assess monkeys’ predictions about reward outcomes using looking time responses. In Study 1, we tested how semi-free-ranging monkeys (n= 210) responded to positive error (more rewards than expected), negative error (less rewards than expected), and a number control. We found that monkeys looked longer at a given reward when it was unexpectedly large or small, compared to when the same quantity was expected. In Study 2, we compared responses in the positive error condition in monkeys ranging from infancy to old age (n= 363), to assess lifespan changes in sensitivity to reward predictions. We found that adolescent monkeys showed heightened responses to unexpected rewards, similar to patterns seen in humans, but showed no changes during aging. These results suggest that monkeys’ looking responses can be used to track their predictions about rewards, and that monkeys share some developmental signatures of reward sensitivity with humans, providing a new approach to access cognitive processes underlying reward-based decision making.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)