Environmental conditions predict helminth prevalence in red foxes in Western Australia
Environmental conditions predict helminth prevalence in red foxes in Western Australia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.04.004
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Adams, Peter J.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Dybing, Narelle A.;Fleming, Patricia A.;Adams, Peter J.
赤狐（Vulpesvulpes）是世界上最常见和分布最广的野生食肉动物。这些捕食者窝藏了各种各样的寄生虫，其中许多可能具有重要的保护，农业和人畜共患病的影响。该项目调查了西澳大利亚西南部14个采样地点的147只红狐肠道蠕虫寄生虫的发生情况。在58%的狐狸肠道中检测到蠕虫寄生虫：犬复孔绦虫（27.7%）、窄头钩虫（18.2%）、犬弓蛔虫（14.9%）、刺猬迭宫绦虫（5.4%）、狮弓蛔虫（4.7%）、绦虫（1.4%）、泡状带绦虫（0.7%）、不明带绦虫（0.7%）。(4.1中喙科（Brachylaima cribbi）占0.7%;斑斜齿龙（Plagioris maculosus）占0.7%;重要的是，两个绦虫的农业意义，细粒棘球绦虫和羊带绦虫，在本研究中没有检测到红狐，尽管存在合适的中间宿主在这些动物的饮食。寄生虫丰富度从1-3个物种/宿主变化，平均寄生虫数量从1-39个蠕虫变化（在所有蠕虫物种中）。回归分析表明，四种寄生虫的存在与各种环境因素有关。S. erinaceieuropaei（p < 0.001），T. leonina（p < 0.01）和U.狭头症与平均相对湿度呈正相关（P < 0.01），平均相对湿度可能影响环境中感染期的寿命。S. erinaceieuropaei和U.窄头症（P < 0.001）与5年平均最低温度呈正相关，这可能反映了感染期在寒冷冬季条件下的存活率低。T. canis和U.狭头蜱（p < 0.001）与每个采样点的原生植被覆盖率呈正相关，这可能反映了作为寄生宿主的原生猎物物种的传播。这些数据确定了影响每个寄生虫分类群的传播和潜在分布的环境因素，并提供了重要的信息，增加了我们对环境变化对寄生虫生态的潜在影响的理解。(C)2013作者由Elsevier Ltd.出版，CC BY-NC-SA许可下开放获取。
Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the most common and widely distributed wild carnivore worldwide. These predators harbour a wide range of parasites, many of which may have important conservation, agricultural and zoonotic repercussions. This project investigated the occurrence of helminth parasites from the intestines of 147 red foxes across 14 sampling localities of southwest Western Australia. Helminth parasites were detected in 58% of fox intestines: Dipylidium caninum (27.7% of foxes), Uncinaria stenocephala (18.2%), Toxocara canis (14.9%), Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (5.4%), Toxascaris leonina (4.7%), Taenia serialis (1.4%), Taenia hydatigena (0.7%), unidentified Taenia spp. (4.1%), Brachylaima cribbi (0.7%), Plagiorchis maculosus (0.7%) and an Acanthocephalan; family Centrorhynchidae (2.1%). Importantly, two cestodes of agricultural significance, Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia ovis, were not detected in red foxes in this study, despite the presence of suitable intermediate hosts in the diets of these animals. Parasite richness varied from 1-3 species per host, with average parasite number varying from 1-39 worms (across all helminth species). Regression analyses indicated that the presence of four helminth parasites was related to various environmental factors. The presence of S. erinaceieuropaei (p < 0.001), T. leonina (p < 0.01) and U. stenocephala (p < 0.01) was positively associated with average relative humidity which may affect the longevity of infective stages in the environment. The presence of S. erinaceieuropaei and U. stenocephala (p < 0.001) was positively associated with 5-y-average minimum temperature which could reflect poor survival of infective stages through cold winter conditions. The presence of T. canis and U. stenocephala (p < 0.001) was positively associated with the percentage cover of native vegetation at each sampling location, which is likely to reflect transmission from native prey species acting as paratenic hosts. These data identify environmental factors affecting transmission and potential distribution of each parasite taxon, and provide important information increasing our understanding of the potential effects of environmental change on parasite ecology. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-SA license.