Cockroach allergen exposure and risk of asthma.
Cockroach allergen exposure and risk of asthma.
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作者：
Do DC;Zhao Y;Gao P
蟑螂致敏是哮喘发病的重要危险因素。然而，其潜在的免疫机制和过敏反应差异的遗传病因仍不清楚。蟑螂变应原的鉴定及其生物活性重组蛋白的表达为研究蟑螂变应原致敏和哮喘的机制奠定了基础。过敏原中的葡聚糖可能在过敏性疾病的免疫原性中发挥关键作用。蛋白水解酶激活受体(PAR)-2、Toll样受体(TLR)和C型凝集素受体在蟑螂变应原穿透上皮细胞、介导变应原摄取、树突状细胞成熟、抗原提呈细胞(APC)在T细胞极化中的作用以及细胞因子的产生中起重要作用。环境污染物往往与过敏原共存，可协同诱发变态反应性炎症，芳烃受体(AhR)的激活和信号转导可能是这两个因素之间的纽带。遗传因素也可能在蟑螂敏化的易感性中发挥重要作用。有几个基因与蟑螂过敏和哮喘相关的表型有关。本文就蟑螂变应原诱导哮喘的流行病学证据、蟑螂变应原、蟑螂变应原诱导天然免疫反应的机制以及蟑螂致敏的遗传学基础进行综述。
Cockroach sensitization is an important risk factor for the development of asthma. However, its underlying immune mechanisms and the genetic etiology for differences in allergic responses remain unclear. Cockroach allergens identification and their expression as biologically active recombinant proteins has provided a basis for studying the mechanisms regarding cockroach allergens induced allergic sensitization and asthma. Glycans in allergens may play a crucial role in the immunogenicity of allergic diseases. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2, Toll-like receptor (TLR), and C-type lectin receptors have been suggested to be important for the penetration of cockroach allergens through epithelial cells to mediate allergen uptake, dendritic cell maturation, antigen presenting cell (APC) function in T cell polarization, and cytokine production. Environmental pollutants, which often co-exist with the allergen, could synergistically elicit allergic inflammation, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation and signaling may serve as a link between these two elements. Genetic factors may also play an important role in conferring the susceptibility to cockroach sensitization. Several genes have been associated with cockroach sensitization and asthma-related phenotypes. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiological evidence for cockroach allergen-induced asthma, cockroach allergens, the mechanisms regarding cockroach allergens induced innate immune responses, and the genetic basis for cockroach sensitization.