Emergence of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor resistance of Pyrenophora teres in Europe
Emergence of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor resistance of Pyrenophora teres in Europe
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DOI：
10.1002/ps.4244
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Stammler, Gerd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rehfus, Alexandra;Miessner, Simone;Stammler, Gerd
大麦网斑病是由圆核腔菌（Pyrenophora teres）引起的世界性大麦重要病害。除了嗜球果伞素（醌苷抑制剂）和唑类（脱甲基化抑制剂）之外，琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂（SDHIs）也是控制网斑病非常有效的杀真菌剂。最近，在该领域已经发现了SDHI抗性菌株。在欧洲范围内进行了密集的敏感性监测计划，以调查有关圆斑病菌SDHI抗性的情况。2012年在德国发现了第一批在大麦中注册的对SDHI敏感性较低的菌株，这些菌株在琥珀酸脱氢酶中携带B-H277 Y取代。2013年和2014年，主要在法国和德国检测到SDHI敏感性较低的分离株显著增加，靶位点突变范围增加。大多数抗性菌株携带C-G79 R置换，其在微量滴定试验中对所有SDHI表现出强烈的影响。所有检测的SDHI均显示交叉耐药。其他替代品的重要性正在增加，例如法国的C-N75 S和德国的D-D145 G。目前尚未发现SDH基因的双突变体。温室试验结果表明，当预防性施用SDHI氟唑菌酰胺时，SDHI抗性菌株仍能被控制。迄今为止，大多数C-G79 R突变的菌株并没有同时携带细胞色素B的F129 L突变，这导致了对QoI杀菌剂的低至中等水平的抗性。突变的模式每年都有变化，不同地区之间也有变化。建议采取严格的抗性管理策略，以维持SDHI作为控制网斑病的有效工具，特别是在抗性菌株频率较低的地区。(c)2016年化学工业学会
BACKGROUNDNet blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres is an important disease of barley worldwide. In addition to strobilurins (quinone ouside inhibitors) and azoles (demethylation inhibitors), succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are very effective fungicides for net blotch control. Recently, SDHI-resistant isolates have been found in the field. Intensive sensitivity monitoring programmes across Europe were carried out to investigate the situation concerning SDHI resistance in P. teres.RESULTSThe first isolates with a lower sensitivity to SDHIs registered in barley were found in Germany in 2012 and carried the B-H277Y substitution in the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme. In 2013 and 2014, a significant increase in isolates with lower SDHI sensitivity was detected mainly in France and Germany, and the range of target-site mutations increased. Most of the resistant isolates carried the C-G79R substitution, which exhibits a strong impact on all SDHIs in microtitre tests. All SDHIs tested were shown to be cross-resistant. Other substitutions are gaining in importance, e.g. C-N75S in France and D-D145G in Germany. So far, no double mutants in SDH genes have been detected. Glasshouse tests showed that SDHI-resistant isolates were still controlled by the SDHI fluxapyroxad when applied preventively. To date, most isolates with C-G79R substitution have not simultaneously carried the F129L change in cytochrome b, which causes resistance towards QoI fungicides at low to moderate levels.CONCLUSIONSeveral target-site mutations in the genes of subunits SDH-B, SDH-C and SDH-D with different impact on SDHI fungicides were detected. The pattern of mutations varied from year to year and between different regions. Strict resistance management strategies are recommended to maintain SDHIs as effective tools for net blotch control, especially in areas with low frequencies of resistant isolates. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry