Cross-Country Patterns of Change in Relative Wages
Cross-Country Patterns of Change in Relative Wages
复制标题
相对工资变化的跨国模式
DOI：
10.1086/654199
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
S. Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Davis
本文调查了世界13个主要经济体的相对工资和工资不平等的变动。以全职男性工人的工资为重点，调查揭示了几个经验性问题：（1）大多数发达工业化经济体在20世纪80年代的工资不平等都有所增加，通常幅度很大;没有一个经济体的工资不平等有所下降。相比之下，本报告所考虑的四个中等收入国家中有三个在1980年代工资不平等现象急剧下降。(2)自1970年代初至后期，发达经济体显示，相对于经验较少的男性，黄金年龄男性的工资大幅持续增长。(3)在1970年代教育差距急剧缩小之后，发达经济体在1980年之后出现了教育差距的上升或持平。在1980年代，中等收入国家的教育差距略有下降，甚至急剧下降。(4)20世纪80年代，在大多数发达经济体，观察上相似的工人之间的工资不平等急剧上升。(5)1975年后，制造业的相对行业工资结构在发达经济体之间变得越来越不一样。然而，控制共同的时间效应，国际贸易作为国内生产总值的一部分的增长与各国相对行业工资结构的部分趋同有关。本文根据这些经验教训，讨论了对美国和其他国家工资结构发展的几种不同解释。
This paper investigates movements in relative wages and wage inequality across 13 of the world's major economies. Focusing on wages received by full-time male workers, the investigation uncovers several empirical regularities: (1) Most advanced industrialized economies show increases, often large, in wage inequality during the 1980s; none show declining wage inequality. In contrast, three of four middle-income countries considered here show sharply declining wage inequality during the 1980s. (2) Since the early to late 1970s, the advanced economies show large and persistent increases in the wages of prime age men relative to the wages of less experienced men. (3) Following a period of sharply declining education differentials in the 1970s, the advanced economies show rising or flat education differentials after 1980. Education differentials fell moderately to sharply in the middle-income countries during the 1980s. (4) Wage inequality among observationally similar workers rose sharply during the 1980s in most advanced economies. (5) After 1975, the structure of relative industry wages in the manufacturing sector became increasingly dissimilar across the advanced economies. However, controlling for common time effects, increases in international trade as a fraction of GDP are associated with a partial convergence of relative industry wage structures across countries. The paper discusses several alternative interpretations of wage structure developments in the United States and other countries in the light of these empirical regularities.