Human-Toxicological Effect and Damage Factors of Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Chemicals for Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Human-Toxicological Effect and Damage Factors of Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Chemicals for Life Cycle Impact Assessment
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DOI：
10.1897/2004-007r.1
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
van de Meent, Dik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huijbregts, Mark A. J.;Rombouts, Linda J. A.;van de Meent, Dik
在生命周期评估中分析有毒化学品对人类健康的影响时，应考虑到化学品的命运、影响和损害。本文的目的是提出一种新的方法，从对数正态剂量反应函数出发，推导出有毒污染物对人体的危害和影响因素。人的损伤因素用伤残调整生命年（DALYs）表示。人的影响因素包含特定疾病和特定物质的成分。疾病特异性成分取决于疾病发生的概率和人群中敏感性的分布。物质特异性成分，等于ED50的倒数，代表物质的毒性效力。该方法已应用于1192种物质的综合人体损害和影响因子的计算。这两种物质之间的总数量级为7至9个数量级，主要是毒性的范围。对于组合因素，典型的不确定性，用97.5百分位和2.5百分位之比的平方根表示，致癌效应的系数为25，非致癌效应的系数为125。种间转换因子、（非）癌效应转换因子和平均非癌损害因子主导了总体不确定性。
Chemical fate, effect, and damage should be accounted for in the analysis of human health impacts by toxic chemicals in life-cycle assessment (LCA). The goal of this article is to present a new method to derive human damage and effect factors of toxic pollutants, starting from a lognormal dose-response function. Human damage factors are expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Human effect factors contain a disease-specific and a substance-specific component. The disease-specific component depends on the probability of disease occurrence and the distribution of sensitivities in the human population. The substance-specific component, equal to the inverse of the ED50, represents the toxic potency of a substance. The new method has been applied to calculate combined human damage and effect factors for 1,192 substances. The total range of 7 to 9 orders of magnitude between the substances is dominated by the range in toxic potencies. For the combined factors, the typical uncertainty, represented by the square root of the ratio of the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile, is a factor of 25 for carcinogenic effects and a factor of 125 for noncarcinogenic effects. The interspecies conversion factor, the (non) cancer effect conversion factor, and the average noncancer damage factor dominate the overall uncertainty.