Embryo manipulation via assisted reproductive technology and epigenetic asymmetry in mammalian early development.
Embryo manipulation via assisted reproductive technology and epigenetic asymmetry in mammalian early development.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2012.0353
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发表时间：
2013-01-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ishino F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohda T;Ishino F
哺乳动物从受精到着床的早期发育阶段是表观遗传景观中分别在父系和母系来源的基因组中发生全局和差异变化的时期。精子和卵子的DNA甲基化谱彼此非常不同，并且在受精后，只有父系来源的基因组经历全基因组的5-甲基胞嘧啶羟基化，导致亲代来源的基因组中的表观遗传不对称。虽然大多数这些差异不存在的囊胚阶段，可能是由于被动去甲基化，基因组印记记忆和X染色体失活的维护在这个阶段是至关重要的植入后的发展。来自父系或母系来源的基因组的合子基因激活也开始于两细胞阶段，可能在它们中的每一个中以不同的方式。正是在此期间，胚胎操作，包括辅助生殖技术，通常进行;因此，至关重要的是要确定胚胎操作程序是否会通过干扰胚胎和/或新生儿发育阶段的后续基因表达来增加发育风险。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了受精阶段应用的各种胚胎操作程序的影响，在植入前发育的表观遗传不对称性。特别是，我们专注于胞浆内精子注射的影响，可以导致长期的转录组干扰，至少在小鼠。
The early stage of mammalian development from fertilization to implantation is a period when global and differential changes in the epigenetic landscape occur in paternally and maternally derived genomes, respectively. The sperm and egg DNA methylation profiles are very different from each other, and just after fertilization, only the paternally derived genome is subjected to genome-wide hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine, resulting in an epigenetic asymmetry in parentally derived genomes. Although most of these differences are not present by the blastocyst stage, presumably due to passive demethylation, the maintenance of genomic imprinting memory and X chromosome inactivation in this stage are of critical importance for post-implantation development. Zygotic gene activation from paternally or maternally derived genomes also starts around the two-cell stage, presumably in a different manner in each of them. It is during this period that embryo manipulation, including assisted reproductive technology, is normally performed; so it is critically important to determine whether embryo manipulation procedures increase developmental risks by disturbing subsequent gene expression during the embryonic and/or neonatal development stages. In this review, we discuss the effects of various embryo manipulation procedures applied at the fertilization stage in relation to the epigenetic asymmetry in pre-implantation development. In particular, we focus on the effects of intracytoplasmic sperm injection that can result in long-lasting transcriptome disturbances, at least in mice.
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