Inhibitory Effect of Tall Hedge Mustard (Sisymbrium loeselii) Allelochemicals on Rangeland Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Inhibitory Effect of Tall Hedge Mustard (Sisymbrium loeselii) Allelochemicals on Rangeland Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
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DOI：
10.1614/ws-08-151.1
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Upadhyaya, M. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bainard, L. D.;Brown, P. D.;Upadhyaya, M. K.
外来杂草可以通过释放化感物质来干扰邻近物种，这些化感物质要么直接抑制相关物种的生长和分布，要么通过破坏它们与土壤生物（如丛枝菌根真菌（AMF））的相互作用来间接影响它们。采用根茎水提液对高篱芥进行了化感作用，并对其种子萌发和胚根生长进行了生物测定。高树篱芥根和茎水提液对蓝束小麦草、爱达荷羊茅和斑knapweed的种子萌发和生长有较强的抑制作用，但自毒性很小。高树突芥菜组织的化学分析表明，存在两种主要的硫代葡萄糖苷酸-异丙基和仲丁基硫代葡萄糖苷。在高芥菜根、茎水提物的二氯甲烷萃取物中鉴定了硫代葡萄糖苷类物质（异硫氰酸异丙酯和异硫氰酸仲丁酯）的降解产物。市售异硫氰酸异丙酯和异硫氰酸仲丁酯抑制高篱芥种子萌发和胚根生长，提示它们在高篱芥化感作用中起作用。高树篱芥水提取物和异硫氰酸酯掺入琼脂培养基抑制AMF的孢子萌发，球囊内球囊。在田间条件下，高篱芥侵染也降低了土壤AMF的接种势。本研究结果表明，高篱芥菜产生的化学物质可以抑制邻近植物及其AMF相关植物的生长。
Exotic weeds can interfere with neighboring species by releasing allelochemicals that either directly inhibit growth and distribution of associated species or affect them indirectly by disrupting their interaction with soil organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The allelopathic potential of tall hedge mustard was assessed using aqueous root and shoot extracts in seed germination and radicle growth bioassays. Aqueous tall hedge mustard root and shoot extracts strongly inhibited seed germination and growth of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and spotted knapweed, but had minimal autotoxicity. Chemical analysis of tall hedge mustard tissues revealed the presence of two major glucosinolates-isopropyl and sec-bucyl glucosinolate. The degradation products of these glucosinolates (isopropyl isothiocyanate and sec-butyl isothiocyanate) were identified in dichloromethane extracts of tall hedge mustard aqueous root and shoot extracts. Commercially available isopropyl isothiocyanate and sec-butyl isothiocyanate inhibited seed germination and radicle growth, Suggesting their role in the allelopathic potential of tall hedge Mustard. Tall hedge mustard aqueous extracts and isothiocyanates incorporated into an agar medium inhibited the spore germination of the AMF, Glomus intraradices. Tall hedge mustard infestations were also found to reduce the AMF inoculum potential Of Soil under Field conditions. The results from this Study show that tall hedge mustard produces chemicals that can inhibit the growth of neighboring plant species and their AMF associates.