Formation of pedestalled, relict lakes on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Formation of pedestalled, relict lakes on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica
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南极洲麦克默多冰架上基座遗迹湖的形成

DOI:
10.1017/jog.2019.17
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
MacAYEAL, DOUGLAS R.
MacAYEAL, DOUGLAS R.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
MACDONALD, GRANT J.;BANWELL, ALISON F.;WILLIS, IAN C.;MAYER, DAVID P.;GOODSELL, BECKY;MacAYEAL, DOUGLAS R.

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表面碎片覆盖了麦克默多冰架西部的大部分地区,对当地的表面冰架和能量平衡有很大的影响。碎片覆盖区域和无碎片区域之间的差异消融产生了地形上低的、高消融和地形上升高的(“重叠的”)、低消融区域的不寻常的异质表面。对1999年至2018年Landsat和MODIS卫星图像的分析,以及2016年至2017年夏季的实地观测表明,当夏季形成的活跃表面融水湖在冬季冻结时,会形成所谓的残留湖泊(“残湖”),导致湖底碎片被高覆盖,叠加的冰面所掩盖。如果这一冰表面未能在随后的融化季节融化,它的经验减少表面消融相对于周围的碎片覆盖的地区的冰架。我们建议,这种差异消融,以及由此产生的静水压力和弯曲的重新调整的冰架,导致前冰上湖的表面变得越来越多的比周围的冰架较低的地形。因此,融水流不能流到这些封闭的特征上,而是在它们周围转向。我们认为,冰架的表面能量平衡,水文和弯曲的发展有显着的影响。
Surface debris covers much of the western portion of the McMurdo Ice Shelf and has a strong influence on the local surface albedo and energy balance. Differential ablation between debris-covered and debris-free areas creates an unusual heterogeneous surface of topographically low, high-ablation, and topographically raised (‘pedestalled’), low-ablation areas. Analysis of Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery from 1999 to 2018, alongside field observations from the 2016/2017 austral summer, shows that pedestalled relict lakes (‘pedestals’) form when an active surface meltwater lake that develops in the summer, freezes-over in winter, resulting in the lake-bottom debris being masked by a high-albedo, superimposed, ice surface. If this ice surface fails to melt during a subsequent melt season, it experiences reduced surface ablation relative to the surrounding debris-covered areas of the ice shelf. We propose that this differential ablation, and resultant hydrostatic and flexural readjustments of the ice shelf, causes the former supraglacial lake surface to become increasingly pedestalled above the lower topography of the surrounding ice shelf. Consequently, meltwater streams cannot flow onto these pedestalled features, and instead divert around them. We suggest that the development of pedestals has a significant influence on the surface-energy balance, hydrology and flexure of the ice shelf.
冰架边缘的潮汐弯曲
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