Assessing similarity: on homology, characters and the need for a semantic approach to non‐evolutionary comparative homology
Assessing similarity: on homology, characters and the need for a semantic approach to non‐evolutionary comparative homology
复制标题
评估相似性：关于同源性、特征以及对非进化比较同源性语义方法的需求
作者：
L. Vogt
同源性问题一直是系统生物学核心争议的根源，就像系统遗传学中形态特征分析的步骤一样。基于清晰的认知框架和“特征”作为识别非直接可识别实体的诊断证据单位的特征，我讨论了系统发育、发育和比较同源的本体论定义和经验识别标准，以及这三种同源的描述如何有助于理解整体同源现象。我认为，系统发育同源性是个体或历史物种，需要比较同源性来识别。发育同源是自然类型，最终依赖于系统发育同源，也需要比较同源来识别。另一方面，比较同源性是直接可识别的解剖结构类型。我讨论了前达尔文的比较同源概念及其调用非物质力的问题，并涉及一个稳定的位置参照系的优先假设。基于杨的比较同源概念，我提出了一种识别比较同源的程序，它没有这些问题，并利用了语义框架。这种正式的概念框架为记录、交流和分析相似命题提供了急需的语义透明度和计算机可解析性。它提供了一个基本的方法框架，用于概括个体生物和识别和划分解剖结构类型，并提供了识别系统发育同源性的逻辑链上缺失的一环。该方法大大增加了比较研究的分析可及性，因此对形态学和比较生物学的理论和方法基础作出了重要贡献。
The problem of homology has been a consistent source of controversy at the heart of systematic biology, as has the step of morphological character analysis in phylogenetics. Based on a clear epistemic framework and a characterization of “characters” as diagnostic evidence units for the recognition of not directly identifiable entities, I discuss the ontological definition and empirical recognition criteria of phylogenetic, developmental and comparative homology, and how these three accounts of homology each contribute to an understanding of the overall phenomenon of homology. I argue that phylogenetic homologies are individuals or historical kinds that require comparative homology for identification. Developmental homologies are natural kinds that ultimately rest on phylogenetic homologies and also require comparative homology for identification. Comparative homologies on the other hand are anatomical structural kinds that are directly identifiable. I discuss pre‐Darwinian comparative homology concepts and their problem of invoking non‐material forces and involving thea prioriassumption of a stable positional reference system. Based on Young's concept of comparative homology, I suggest a procedure for recognizing comparative homologues that lacks these problems and that utilizes a semantic framework. This formal conceptual framework provides the much needed semantic transparency and computer‐parsability for documenting, communicating and analysing similarity propositions. It provides an essential methodological framework for generalizing over individual organisms and identifying and demarcating anatomical structural kinds, and it provides the missing link to the logical chain of identifying phylogenetic homology. The approach substantially increases the analytical accessibility of comparative research and thus represents an important contribution to the theoretical and methodological foundation of morphology and comparative biology.
登录
查看更多内容
动物身体组织中的保守与创新特征。
DOI：
10.1002/jez.b.21044
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Minelli;G. Fusco
通讯作者：
G. Fusco
1 – 理查德·欧文和同源概念
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-08-057430-1.50007-x
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
Experientia
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Panchen
通讯作者：
A. Panchen
混淆同源物与同源性：对“论同源性”的答复
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
David M. Williams;M. Ebach
通讯作者：
M. Ebach
关于无脊椎动物的比较解剖学和生理学的讲座，于 1843 年在皇家外科医生学院发表。理查德·欧文 (Richard Owen) 撰写……摘自威廉·怀特·库珀 (William White Cooper) 的笔记……并由欧文教授修订。
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
W. Cooper;R. Owen
通讯作者：
R. Owen
重新审视转化和分类同源性
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
A. Brower
通讯作者：
A. Brower