Taxi drivers: the role of animals in transporting mycorrhizal fungi
Taxi drivers: the role of animals in transporting mycorrhizal fungi
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出租车司机：动物在运输菌根真菌方面的作用
DOI：
10.1007/s00572-019-00906-1
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kjoller R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vasutova M;Mleczko P;Lopez-Garcia A;Macek I;Boros G;Sevcik J;Fujii S;Hackenberger D;Tuf IH;Hornung E;Pall-Gergely B;Kjoller R
通过动物传播菌根真菌和相互作用伙伴的生活史以及生态系统的重要性是一个未充分研究的主题。在这篇综述中，我们描述了现有的证据和最重要的知识差距，最后提出了获得缺失信息的方法。到目前为止，已经发表了33篇文章证明了动物成功转移菌根繁殖体。绝大多数关于无脊椎动物的研究都集中在丛枝菌根（AM）真菌上，而关于脊椎动物（主要是啮齿动物和偶蹄动物）的论文同样涉及外生菌根（ECM）和AM真菌。有效的传播已被证明大多是成功接种的诱饵植物和孢子染色或发芽试验不太常见。根据现有的数据和动物生活方式的一般知识，弹尾虫和甲螨可能是重要的ECM真菌繁殖的外寄生虫，而蚯蚓，等足类，千足虫可以主要转移AM真菌孢子在他们的肠道系统。ECM真菌的分布可能会受到真菌双翅目昆虫和它们的半翅目寄生蜂的影响，而蛞蝓、蜗牛和甲虫可以运输这两种菌根群。脊椎动物喂养的子实体分散主要ECM真菌，而AM真菌大多是偶然的草食动物。重要的知识差距包括：关于孢子以外的真菌繁殖体的传播、无脊椎动物在菌根真菌传播中的作用、繁殖体通过食物网的方式以及不同传播机制在水平和垂直方向上所达到的空间距离的信息不足。
Dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi via animals and the importance for the interacting partners’ life history as well as for ecosystems is an understudied topic. In this review, we describe the available evidence and the most important knowledge gaps and finally suggest ways to gain the missing information. So far, 33 articles have been published proving a successful transfer of mycorrhizal propagules by animals. The vast majority of research on invertebrates was focused on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, whereas papers on vertebrates (mainly rodents and artiodactyls) equally addressed ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and AM fungi. Effective dispersal has been mostly shown by the successful inoculation of bait plants and less commonly by spore staining or germination tests. Based on the available data and general knowledge on animal lifestyles, collembolans and oribatid mites may be important in transporting ECM fungal propagules by ectozoochory, whereas earthworms, isopods, and millipedes could mainly transfer AM fungal spores in their gut systems. ECM fungal distribution may be affected by mycophagous dipterans and their hymenopteran parasitoids, while slugs, snails, and beetles could transport both mycorrhizal groups. Vertebrates feeding on fruit bodies were shown to disperse mainly ECM fungi, while AM fungi are transported mostly accidentally by herbivores. The important knowledge gaps include insufficient information on dispersal of fungal propagules other than spores, the role of invertebrates in the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi, the way in which propagules pass through food webs, and the spatial distances reached by different dispersal mechanisms both horizontally and vertically.