Buoyant balaenids: the ups and downs of buoyancy in right whales
Buoyant balaenids: the ups and downs of buoyancy in right whales
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2001.1730
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发表时间：
2001-09-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Pabst, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nowacek, DP;Johnson, MP;Pabst, DA
多种海洋哺乳动物已被证明可以通过在潜水期间利用负浮力为长时间下降滑行提供动力来节省能量。贴在北大西洋露脊鲸身上的新型非侵入性标签通过三轴加速度计产生的俯仰角变化记录了游泳动作。这些结果表明，露脊鲸在水面附近具有正浮力，这一发现对能量学和管理都有重大影响。在标记的露脊鲸中观察到的一些最强大的侥幸中风是在它们开始潜水时抵消这种浮力时发生的。相比之下，露脊鲸在上升过程中利用正浮力为滑行提供动力。露脊鲸似乎利用其正浮力来更有效地游泳和潜水。然而，这种浮力可能会增加船只碰撞的风险。这种碰撞是北大西洋露脊鲸人为死亡的主要原因，北大西洋露脊鲸的数量已严重濒临灭绝，并且正在不断减少。浮力可能会阻碍对迎面而来的船只的潜水反应，并且露脊鲸在自由上升过程中的机动能力可能会降低。这些风险因素可以为避免碰撞的努力提供信息。
A variety of marine mammal species have been shown to conserve energy by using negative buoyancy to power prolonged descent glides during dives. A new non-invasive tag attached to North Atlantic right whales recorded swim stroke from changes in pitch angle derived from a three-axis accelerometer. These results show that right whales are positively buoyant near the surface, a finding that has significant implications for both energetics and management. Some of the most powerful fluke strokes observed in tagged right whales occur as they counteract this buoyancy as they start a dive. By contrast, right whales use positive buoyancy to power glides during ascent. Right whales appear to use their positive buoyancy for more efficient swimming and diving. However, this buoyancy may pose added risks of vessel collision. Such collisions are the primary source of anthropogenic mortality for North Atlantic right whales, whose population is critically endangered and declining. Buoyancy may impede diving responses to oncoming vessels and right whales may have a reduced ability to manoeuvre during free ascents. These risk factors can inform efforts to avoid collisions.