“When you have no voice, you don’t exist”?: Envisioning Disability in David Small’s Stitches
“When you have no voice, you don’t exist”?: Envisioning Disability in David Small’s Stitches
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“当你没有声音时，你就不存在”？：大卫·斯莫尔《缝针》中对残疾的想象
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
C. M. Koch
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作者：
C. M. Koch
在过去的几十年里，美国自传体漫画的发展越来越多地伴随着一种强烈的趋势，主题是疾病，残疾，或者更普遍地说，任何被认为偏离规范的身体或心理特征。因此，流行形式的“图形回忆录“1越来越多地与文学疾病叙事的历史联系在一起，有时被重新贴上“图形病理学”的标签（绿色和迈尔斯）。伊恩·威廉姆斯恰当地将图形病理学描述为“身体自我表达的智力、情感和手动行为”（“Portrayal”74）。Elisabeth El Refaie和其他人一起证明了“描绘具身的自我”（Autobiographical 49）实际上是图形回忆录的核心问题之一。她非常谨慎地解释说，创作自传体作品的漫画家“处于一种不寻常的境地，他们不得不一遍又一遍地在视觉上描绘自己，[因此]不断地被迫与他们的身体身份接触”（自传体62）。换句话说，漫画家的化身在页面上的必要的连续重复足以提出一般图形回忆录中的体现问题，这些问题在图形病理学中甚至更加突出。
The evolution of American autobiographical comics over the past decades has been increasingly accompanied by a strong trend toward subject matters of illness, disability, or more generally any physical or psychological traits perceived as deviations from the norm. As such, the popular form of “graphic memoir”1 is more and more linked to the history of literary illness narratives, and sometimes relabeled “graphic pathography” (Green and Myers). Ian Williams has aptly characterized graphic pathographies as “the intellectual, emotional and manual act of somatic self-expression” (“Portrayal” 74). Elisabeth El Refaie, among others,2 has shown that “picturing embodied selves” (Autobiographical 49) is, in fact, one of the central concerns in graphic memoirs altogether. She very instructively explains that comics artists producing autobiographical work are “in the unusual position of having to visually portray themselves over and over again [and are, thus,] constantly compelled to engage with their physical identities” (Autobiographical 62). In other words, the necessary continuous repetition of the cartoonist’s avatar on the page is enough to raise issues of embodiment in graphic memoirs in general, and these are even more strongly foregrounded in graphic pathographies.