Sex Differences in Visual Motion Processing.
Sex Differences in Visual Motion Processing.
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视觉运动处理中的性别差异。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.014
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tadin,Duje
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Murray,ScottO;Schallmo,Michael-Paul;Kolodny,Tamar;Millin,Rachel;Kale,Alex;Thomas,Philipp;Rammsayer,ThomasH;Troche,StefanJ;Bernier,RaphaelA;Tadin,Duje
最近，主要资助组织 [1] 和神经科学界 [2] 都强调了性别作为生物变量的重要性。例如，自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 等疾病具有强烈的性别偏见，男性患病率较高，表明了基于性别的关键神经差异[51, 3]。受这一更广泛背景的启发，我们报告了神经典型成年人在视觉运动感知任务中存在显着的性别差异。男性的运动持续时间阈值 [4, 5]（准确感知运动方向所需的最短持续时间）比女性短得多。我们在三个实验室和总共 263 名参与者中复制了这一结果。以前仅在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、抑郁症和衰老等特殊人群中观察到这种类型的表现增强[6-8]。观察到的性别差异不能用视觉处理速度、整体视觉辨别能力或潜在的运动相关差异的一般差异来解释。我们还表明，虽然运动持续时间阈值的个体差异与人类 MT+ 的 fMRI 反应性差异相关，但令人惊讶的是，男性和女性之间的 MT+ 反应幅度没有差异。因此，我们推断，预测性别内个体感知差异的 MT+ fMRI 测量并不能捕获运动感知的性别差异。总的来说，这些结果显示了性别差异如何意外地表现出来，强调了性别作为感知和认知研究设计和分析因素的重要性。
The importance of sex as a biological variable has recently been emphasized by major funding organizations [1] and within the neuroscience community [2]. Critical sex-based neural differences are indicated by, for example, conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that have a strong sex bias with a higher prevalence among males [51, 3]. Motivated by this broader context, we report a marked sex difference in a visual motion perception task among neurotypical adults. Motion duration thresholds [4, 5]—the minimum duration needed to accurately perceive motion direction—were considerably shorter for males than females. We replicated this result across three laboratories and 263 total participants. This type of enhanced performance has previously been observed only in special populations including ASD, depression, and senescence [6–8]. The observed sex difference cannot be explained by general differences in speed of visual processing, overall visual discrimination abilities, or potential motor-related differences. We also show that while individual differences in motion duration thresholds are associated with differences in fMRI responsiveness of human MT+, surprisingly, MT+ response magnitudes did not differ between males and females. Thus, we reason that sex differences in motion perception are not captured by an MT+ fMRI measure that predicts within-sex individual differences in perception. Overall, these results show how sex differences can manifest unexpectedly, highlighting the importance of sex as a factor in the design and analysis of perceptual and cognitive studies.