WORKSHOP REPORT ON ATOMIC BOMB DOSIMETRY-REVIEW OF DOSE RELATED FACTORS FOR THE EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES TO RESIDUAL RADIATION AT HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
WORKSHOP REPORT ON ATOMIC BOMB DOSIMETRY-REVIEW OF DOSE RELATED FACTORS FOR THE EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES TO RESIDUAL RADIATION AT HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
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DOI：
10.1097/hp.0000000000000395
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Young, Robert W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kerr, George D.;Egbert, Stephen D.;Young, Robert W.
多年来，由日本和美国科学家组成的小组在国际合作者的支持下，一直在努力确保用于研究日本原子弹幸存者健康影响的辐射剂量学的准确性。可靠的剂量学模型和系统对这一人群的流行病学研究尤其重要，因为它们在制定世界辐射防护标准方面具有重要意义。虽然剂量测定系统，如1986年的剂量测定系统(DS86)和2002年的剂量测定系统(DS02)已经有所改进，但开发它们的研究小组无法提出或确认残余辐射对幸存者总剂量的额外贡献。认识到需要对广岛和长崎的残余辐射照射进行最新审查，2014年在马里兰州巴尔的摩举行的第59届年度保健计划会议上，举行了为期半天的技术会议，以报告较新的研究。还举办了一次为期一天半的讲习班，以便为详细讨论较新的研究提供时间，并评估这些研究在澄清广岛和长崎原子弹幸存者受到的残余辐射照射方面的潜在用途。这一进程还涉及重新审查广岛和长崎地面非常早期的放射性同位素排放调查，以及关于对健康影响的早期报告。报告了关于空爆尘埃杆和底座中的中子激活的放射性核素以及未放样的土壤中的中子激活的放射性核素以及核云的裂变产物和武器碎片对残余辐射的潜在贡献的新见解。然而，对于原子弹幸存者在距离震源不同的地方收到的实际剩余辐射剂量，仍然存在不同的看法。讲习班的讨论表明，利用热发光和光激发发光进行的测量，如先前的测量，特别是在样品的非常薄的层中进行的测量，可以扩大，以检测对贝塔粒子的可能辐射照射，并确定其重要性以及广岛和长崎的各种残余辐射区的范围。本研讨会报告中还包括了对未来残余辐射研究的其他建议。
Groups of Japanese and American scientists, supported by international collaborators, have worked for many years to ensure the accuracy of the radiation dosimetry used in studies of health effects in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Reliable dosimetric models and systems are especially critical to epidemiologic studies of this population because of their importance in the development of worldwide radiation protection standards. While dosimetry systems, such as Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) and Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02), have improved, the research groups that developed them were unable to propose or confirm an additional contribution by residual radiation to the survivor's total body dose. In recognition of the need for an up-to-date review of residual radiation exposures in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a half-day technical session was held for reports on newer studies at the 59th Annual HPS Meeting in 2014 in Baltimore, MD. A day-and-a-half workshop was also held to provide time for detailed discussion of the newer studies and to evaluate their potential use in clarifying the residual radiation exposure to atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The process also involved a re-examination of very early surveys of radioisotope emissions from ground surfaces at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and early reports of health effects. New insights were reported on the potential contribution to residual radiation from neutron-activated radionuclides in the airburst's dust stem and pedestal and in unlofted soil, as well as from fission products and weapon debris from the nuclear cloud. However, disparate views remain concerning the actual residual radiation doses received by the atomic bomb survivors at different distances from the hypocenter. The workshop discussion indicated that measurements made using thermal luminescence and optically stimulated luminescence, like earlier measurements, especially in very thin layers of the samples, could be expanded to detect possible radiation exposures to beta particles and to determine their significance plus the extent of the various residual radiation areas at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Other suggestions for future residual radiation studies are included in this workshop report.