Global analysis of response and recovery of benthic biota to fishing
Global analysis of response and recovery of benthic biota to fishing
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DOI：
10.3354/meps311001
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Karakassis, I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaiser, M. J.;Clarke, K. R.;Karakassis, I.
拖曳式底鱼渔具被认为是全球对海底及其生物区系造成干扰的最大人为来源之一。目前在渔业管理中采用生态系统方法的努力需要考虑生境恶化的影响，并了解恢复的潜力。我们对101种不同的捕鱼影响操纵进行了荟萃分析。不同类型渔具的直接影响具有很强的生境特异性。最严重的影响发生在生物生境，这是对捕捞扇贝的反应。不同的喂养公会的干扰捕鱼的反应分析表明，存款和悬浮饲料始终容易受到扇贝疏浚砾石，沙子和泥的栖息地，而这些群体的梁拖网捕捞的反应是高度依赖于栖息地类型。软沉积物栖息地的生物群，特别是泥砂，令人惊讶地脆弱，预计恢复时间以年为单位。海绵和软珊瑚等生长缓慢的大生物量生物群的恢复时间（长达8年）比多毛类等寿命较短的生物群（< 1年）长得多。这些结果为预测在各种生境中使用不同渔具的结果提供了一个可能的基础，这些渔具在管理方面具有潜在的效用。
Towed bottom-fishing gears are thought to constitute one of the largest global anthropogenic sources of disturbance to the seabed and its biota. The current drive towards an ecosystem approach in fisheries management requires a consideration of the implications of habitat deterioration and an understanding of the potential for restoration. We undertook a meta-analysis of 101 different fishing impact manipulations. The direct effects of different types of fishing gear were strongly habitat-specific. The most severe impact occurred in biogenic habitats in response to scallop-dredging. Analysis of the response of different feeding guilds to disturbance from fishing revealed that both deposit- and suspension-feeders were consistently vulnerable to scallop dredging across gravel, sand and mud habitats, while the response of these groups to beam-trawling was highly dependent upon habitat type. The biota of soft-sediment habitats, in particular muddy sands, were surprisingly vulnerable, with predicted recovery times measured in years. Slow-growing large-biomass biota such as sponges and soft corals took much longer to recover (up to 8 yr) than biota with shorter life-spans such as polychaetes (< 1 yr). The results give a possible basis for predicting the outcome of the use of different fishing gears in a variety of habitats with potential utility in a management context.