Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells - a new way to stay informed - from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer.
Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells - a new way to stay informed - from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053582
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
树突状细胞（DC）是启动适应性免疫应答所必需的。它们在外周获得抗原的能力是这一过程中的关键步骤。DC表达各种各样的粘附分子，并且具有极不稳定的质膜，其有助于清除细胞外环境并捕获物质如外来体、凋亡小体和病原体。除了这些标准途径之外，DC对抗原的获取还可以通过隧道纳米管、胞吞作用和间隙连接来进一步促进。然而，在这篇文章中，我们将认为这是一个不完整的图片，在文献中的某些观察不能解释，如果我们假设DC获得抗原只有通过这些手段。相反，更有可能的是，DC优先使用粘附分子来形成持久的细胞-细胞相互作用，以积极地从它们直接接触的细胞中虹吸物质。DC极有可能使用这种机制直接从周围细胞持续捕获膜和胞质物质，它们扫描这些物质以评估供体细胞的健康状况。这样做将为宿主免疫系统提供一系列优势，因为它将不依赖于受损细胞将抗原释放到细胞外环境中。因此，我们建议更新我们对DC抗原获取的看法，以包括直接从相邻细胞胞质溶胶（胞质作用）中主动、接触依赖性捕获材料的过程，我们将其称为细胞内监测。
Dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Their ability to acquire antigens in the periphery is a critical step in this process. DCs express a wide variety of adhesion molecules and possess an extremely fluid plasma membrane that facilitates scavenging the extracellular environment and capturing material like exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and pathogens. Besides these standard routes, the acquisition of antigens by DCs can be further facilitated by tunneling nanotubes, trogocytosis, and gap junctions. However, in this article, we will argue that this is an incomplete picture, as certain observations in the literature cannot be explained if we assume DCs acquire antigens only through these means. Instead, it is more likely that DCs preferentially use adhesion molecules to form long-lasting cell-cell interactions to actively siphon material from cells they are in direct contact with. It is highly likely that DCs use this mechanism to continually capture membrane and cytosolic material directly from surrounding cells, which they scan to assess the health of the donor cell. Doing so would provide an array of advantages for the host immune system, as it would not be reliant on compromised cells to release antigens into the extracellular milieu. Therefore, we propose updating our view of DC antigen acquisition to include a process of active, contact-dependent capture of material directly from neighboring cell cytosol (cytocytosis), which we would term intracellular monitoring.